PTOLEMY II - CiteSeerX

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Introduction rency throughout, allowing for instance for a model to mutate (modify its clustered graph structure) while the user interface simultaneously modifies the structure in different ways. Consistency is maintained through the use of monitors and read/write semaphores [59] built upon the lower level synchronization primitives of Java. Fully integrated expression language. The Ptolemy II expression language is a higher-order, richly expressive language that is fully integrated with actor-oriented modeling. The type system inference mechanism propagates through expressions, parameters, and actor ports seamlessly. A software architecture based on object modeling. Since Ptolemy Classic was constructed, software engineering has seen the emergence of sophisticated object modeling [101][123][126] and design pattern [42] concepts. We have applied these concepts to the design of Ptolemy II, and they have resulted in a more consistent, cleaner, and more robust design. We have also applied a simplified software engineering process that includes systematic design and code reviews [119]. 1.5.7 Experimental Capabilities Ptolemy II includes a number of still evolving experimental capabilities. These include. Distributed models. Ptolemy II has (still preliminary) infrastructure supporting distributed modeling using CORBA, Java RMI, or lower-level networking primitives. Ptolemy II has (still preliminary) support for migrating software components. Higher-order components. Ptolemy II has a (still preliminary) library of actors that operate on Ptolemy II models rather than just on data. While Ptolemy Classic had such higher-order components, in Ptolemy Classic the manipulations of the model occurred as part of the initialization phase of the execution. In Ptolemy II, they can occur during the execution of the model. Examples include the MobileModel, which supports an actor-oriented version of mobile code, and ModalModel, which supports modal behavior. Lifecycle management components. Ptolemy II has a (still preliminary) library of actors that manage the lifecycle of other Ptolemy II models. Examples include RunCompositeActor, which on each firing performs a complete execution of the contained model, and ModelReference, which performs a similar function on a model defined in a separate file or URL. Component specialization. Ptolemy II has an evolving code generation mechanism that is very different from that in Ptolemy Classic. In Ptolemy Classic, each component has to have a definition in the target language, and the code generator merely stitches together these components. In Ptolemy II, components are defined in Java, and the Java definition is parsed. An API for performing optimization transformations on the abstract syntax tree is defined, and then compiler back ends can be used to generate target code. A preliminary implementation of this approach is described in [110], [134] and [135]. Cal actor definition language. Actors have traditionally been defined in Java for Ptolemy II. However, static analysis of Java programs for properties that are important at the actor-oriented level is extremely challenging, at best, and impossible at worst. The Cal actor language provides a way to define actors so that these properties are statically inferable from the actor definition [35]. Experimental models of computation. Ptolemy II includes a number of experimental models of computation, including Giotto [52], timed-multitasking [91], distributed discrete-events [31], and a push-pull component model called component interaction (CI) [141]. 38 Ptolemy II
Introduction 1.5.8 Future Capabilities Capabilities that we anticipate making available in the future include: Integrated verification tools. Modern verification tools based on model checking [54] could be integrated with Ptolemy II at least to the extent that finite state machine models can be checked. We believe that the separation of control logic from concurrency will greatly facilitate verification, since only much smaller cross-sections of the system behavior will be offered to the verification tools. Reflection of dynamics. Java supports reflection of static structure, but not of dynamic properties of process-based objects. For example, the data layout required to communicate with an object is available through the reflection package, but the communication protocol is not. We plan to extend the notion of reflection to reflect such dynamic properties of objects. Meta modeling. The domains in Ptolemy II are constructed based on an intuitive understanding of a useful class of modeling techniques, and then the support infrastructure for specifying and executing models in the domain are built by hand by writing Java code. Others have built tools that have the potential of improving on this situation by meta modeling. In Dome (from Honeywell) and GME [66], for example, a modeling strategy itself is modeled, and user interfaces supporting that modeling strategy are synthesized from that model. We can view the current component-based architecture of Vergil as a starting point in this direction. In the future, we expect to see much more use of Ptolemy II itself to define and construct Ptolemy II domains and their user interfaces. 1.6 Acknowledgements There have been many participants in the Ptolemy Project over the years. So many, that we may (inadvertently) omit some names here. With apologies to those people, we list the contributors. The principal authors of version 4.0 are Christopher Hylands Brooks Rowland Johnson Edward Lee Xiaojun Liu Stephen Neuendorffer Yang Zhao Haiyang Zheng Rachel Zhou Major contributors to earlier versions of Ptolemy II include: John Reekie Chamberlain Fong John Davis, II Mudit Goel Bilung Lee Jie Liu Lukito Muliadi Neil Smyth Heterogeneous Concurrent Modeling and Design 39
Page 1 and 2: PTOLEMY II HETEROGENEOUS CONCURRENT
Page 3 and 4: VOLUME 1 INTRODUCTION TO PTOLEMY II
Page 5 and 6: Volume 1 Contents Introduction to P
Page 7 and 8: 2.10.3. Constructing Modal Models 8
Page 9 and 10: 7. MoML 191 7.1. Introduction 191 7
Page 11 and 12: 1 Introduction Author: Edward A. Le
Page 13 and 14: Introduction heterochronous dataflo
Page 15 and 16: Introduction A major emphasis in Pt
Page 17 and 18: Introduction determine when actors
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Page 35 and 36: Introduction tion. The overall arch
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Page 39 and 40: Introduction 1.5.2 Overview of Key
Page 41 and 42: Introduction Actor interfaces are k
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Page 45 and 46: Introduction actor actor.gui data.e
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Page 51 and 52: Introduction Appendix A: UML — Un
Page 53 and 54: Introduction grams, the only constr
Page 55 and 56: 2 Using Vergil Authors: Edward A. L
Page 57 and 58: Using Vergil 2.2.2 Executing a Pre-
Page 59 and 60: Using Vergil The Lorenz attractor m
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Page 71 and 72: Using Vergil Then using these ports
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Page 87 and 88: Using Vergil quick tour for more de
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Page 91 and 92: Using Vergil AddSubtract actor, and
Page 93 and 94: Using Vergil If you look inside the
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Using Vergil Once you have created
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Using Vergil The grid is turned off
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Authors: Edward A. Lee Xiaojun Liu
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Expressions classes to create a gen
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Expressions The % operation is a mo
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Expressions attribute, which includ
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Expressions 3.3.5 State Machines Ex
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Expressions whose value is an array
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Expressions from it. For instance,
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Expressions defined. For example, >
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Expressions length is given by the
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Expressions Thus, for example, you
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Expressions number. With one additi
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Expressions value. For example, fix
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Expressions In the example in figur
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Expressions A.2 Basic Mathematical
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Expressions A.3 Matrix, Array, and
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Expressions A.5 Signal Processing F
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Expressions TABLE 8: Functions perf
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4 Actor Libraries Authors: Elaine C
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Actor Libraries properly in the CT
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Actor Libraries ing that multiple c
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Actor Libraries TypedAtomicActor «
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Actor Libraries SequenceScope (exte
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Actor Libraries UnsignedByteArrayTo
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Actor Libraries MobileFunction (ext
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Actor Libraries LogicFunction (exte
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Actor Libraries Sleep (extends Tran
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Actor Libraries VariableFIR (extend
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Actor Libraries Integrator: Integra
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Actor Libraries Figure 4.4 shows th
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5 Designing Actors Authors: Christo
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Designing Actors /** Javadoc commen
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Designing Actors although with most
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Designing Actors import ptolemy.act
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Designing Actors makes such actors
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Designing Actors same parameter val
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Designing Actors morphic actor comp
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Designing Actors To get data polymo
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Designing Actors public class Seque
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Designing Actors be used in domains
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Designing Actors alComm actor. Beca
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Designing Actors attribute has valu
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Designing Actors import ptolemy.act
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6 Coding Style Authors: Christopher
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Coding Style /* One line descriptio
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Coding Style Copyright (c) 2004 The
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Coding Style @version $Id: NamedObj
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Coding Style } We use instead the i
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Coding Style * @exception MyExcepti
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Coding Style + "it does not impleme
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Authors: Edward A. Lee Steve Neuend
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MoML cutes it forever, until you hi
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MoML A second difference between ou
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MoML
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MoML 7.3.3 Names and Classes Most M
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MoML Here, the element named
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MoML implement. 7.3.7 Doc Element S
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MoML It is also sometimes necess
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MoML then there will be a link t
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MoML found. For example, if the cla
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MoML it cannot collide with the nam
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MoML The rendering of the icon is d
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MoML 7.4.5 Deleting Entities, Relat
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MoML This unlinks a port from the s
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MoML model. The EntityLibrary class
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MoML Suppose that using incremental
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MoML Generate a sine wave.
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MoML
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MoML Number of iterations in
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MoML -P- The f
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MoML -P- The phase,
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8 Custom Applets Authors: Edward A.
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Custom Applets html code, see the J
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Custom Applets public class Tutoria
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Custom Applets then the result of
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Custom Applets 8.3.5 Using Model Pa
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Custom Applets ptolemy/domains/doma
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References [1] G. Agha, Actors: A M
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[33] S. A. Edwards, “The Specific
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[67] E. Kohler, The Click Modular R
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[95] J. Liu, X. Liu, T. J. Koo, B.
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[132]W. R. Sutherland, "The on-Line
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Glossary abstract syntax ..........
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Ptolemy II ........................
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Index Symbols - in UML 41 # in UML
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coin flips 142 Color class 173 colo
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entity in XML 198 EntityLibrary cla
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Director class 159 inverse FFT 124
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CompositeEntity class 206 nextPower
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safety 34 SampleDelay actor 78, 138
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type constraint 155 type constraint
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