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2.8 Higher-Order Components Using Vergil Ptolemy II includes a number of higher-order components, which are actors that operate on the structure of the model rather than on data. This notion of higher-order components appeared in Ptolemy Classic and is described in [81], but the realization in Ptolemy II is more flexible than that in Ptolemy Classic. These higher-order components help significantly in building large designs where the model structure does not depend on the scale of the problem. In this section, we describe a few of these components, all of which are found in the HigherOrderActors library. The ModalModel actor is described below in section 2.10, after explaining some of the domains that can make effective use of it. 2.8.1 MultiInstance Composite Consider model in figure 2.37, which has five instances of the Channel class wired in parallel. This model has the unfortunate feature that the number of instances is hardwired into the diagram. It is awkward, therefore, to change this number, and particularly awkward to create a larger number of FIGURE 2.44. Instances of a class that is defined in its own file can be made available in the UserLibrary. 74 Ptolemy II
Using Vergil instances. This problem is solved by the MultiInstanceComposite actor 1 . A model equivalent to that of figure 2.37 but using the MultiInstanceComposite actor is shown in figure 2.45. The MultiInstance- Composite is a composite actor into which we have inserted a single instance of the Channel (this is inserted by creating an instance of the of Channel, then copying and pasting it into the composite). The MultiInstanceComposite actor has two parameters, nInstances and instance, shown in figure 2.46. The first of these specifies the number of instances to create. At run time, this actor replicates itself this number of times, connecting the inputs and outputs to the same sources and destinations as the first (prototype) instance. In figure 2.45, notice that the input of the MultiInstanceComposite is connected to a relation (the black diamond), and the output is connected directly to a multiport input of the AddSubtract actor. As a consequence, the multiple instances will be wired in a manner similar to figure 2.37, where the same input value is broadcast to all instances, but distinct output values are supplied to the AddSubtract actor. The model of figure 2.45 is better than that of figure 2.37 because now we can change the number of instances by changing one parameter value. The instances can also be customized on a per-instance basis by expressing their parameter values in terms of the instance parameter of the MultiInstance- Composite. Try, for example, making the noisePower parameter of the InstanceOfChannel actor in fig- FIGURE 2.45. A model that is equivalent to that of figure 2.37, but using a MultiInstanceComposite, which permits the number of instances of the channel to change by simply changing one parameter value. FIGURE 2.46. The first parameter of the MultiInstanceComposite specifies the number of instances. The second parameter is available to the model builder to identify individual instances. 1. The MultiInstanceComposite actor was contributed to the Ptolemy II code base by Zoltan Kemenczy and Sean Simmons, of Research In Motion Limited. Heterogeneous Concurrent Modeling and Design 75
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PTOLEMY II HETEROGENEOUS CONCURRENT
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VOLUME 1 INTRODUCTION TO PTOLEMY II
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Volume 1 Contents Introduction to P
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2.10.3. Constructing Modal Models 8
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7. MoML 191 7.1. Introduction 191 7
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1 Introduction Author: Edward A. Le
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Introduction heterochronous dataflo
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Introduction A major emphasis in Pt
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Introduction determine when actors
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Introduction provides levels of vis
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Introduction is a guard, and the se
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Introduction well. All of these are
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Introduction clients to update thei
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Introduction will be supplied with
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Introduction 1.3.12 Synchronous Dat
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Introduction FIGURE 1.10. Refinemen
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Page 35 and 36: Introduction tion. The overall arch
Page 37 and 38: Introduction kernel.attributes This
Page 39 and 40: Introduction 1.5.2 Overview of Key
Page 41 and 42: Introduction Actor interfaces are k
Page 43 and 44: Heterogeneous Concurrent Modeling a
Page 45 and 46: Introduction actor actor.gui data.e
Page 47 and 48: Introduction cient, scalable, and u
Page 49 and 50: Introduction 1.5.8 Future Capabilit
Page 51 and 52: Introduction Appendix A: UML — Un
Page 53 and 54: Introduction grams, the only constr
Page 55 and 56: 2 Using Vergil Authors: Edward A. L
Page 57 and 58: Using Vergil 2.2.2 Executing a Pre-
Page 59 and 60: Using Vergil The Lorenz attractor m
Page 61 and 62: Using Vergil The Continuous-Time (C
Page 63 and 64: Using Vergil box in figure 2.11. En
Page 65 and 66: Using Vergil Don’t panic! Excepti
Page 67 and 68: Using Vergil tions are a normal par
Page 69 and 70: Using Vergil 2.4 Hierarchy Ptolemy
Page 71 and 72: Using Vergil Then using these ports
Page 73 and 74: Using Vergil the default 0.1 to 0.0
Page 75 and 76: Using Vergil pan window, it is easy
Page 77 and 78: Using Vergil FIGURE 2.33. The pan w
Page 79 and 80: Using Vergil we have modified the c
Page 81 and 82: Using Vergil model, simply copy (or
Page 83: Using Vergil A key issue is to deci
Page 87 and 88: Using Vergil quick tour for more de
Page 89 and 90: Using Vergil uses the index in the
Page 91 and 92: Using Vergil AddSubtract actor, and
Page 93 and 94: Using Vergil If you look inside the
Page 95 and 96: Using Vergil If you look inside the
Page 97 and 98: Using Vergil transition (or right c
Page 99 and 100: Using Vergil Once you have created
Page 101 and 102: Using Vergil The grid is turned off
Page 103 and 104: Authors: Edward A. Lee Xiaojun Liu
Page 105 and 106: Expressions classes to create a gen
Page 107 and 108: Expressions The % operation is a mo
Page 109 and 110: Expressions attribute, which includ
Page 111 and 112: Expressions 3.3.5 State Machines Ex
Page 113 and 114: Expressions whose value is an array
Page 115 and 116: Expressions from it. For instance,
Page 117 and 118: Expressions defined. For example, >
Page 119 and 120: Expressions length is given by the
Page 121 and 122: Expressions Thus, for example, you
Page 123 and 124: Expressions number. With one additi
Page 125 and 126: Expressions value. For example, fix
Page 127 and 128: Expressions In the example in figur
Page 129 and 130: Expressions A.2 Basic Mathematical
Page 131 and 132: Expressions A.3 Matrix, Array, and
Page 133 and 134: Expressions A.5 Signal Processing F
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Expressions TABLE 8: Functions perf
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4 Actor Libraries Authors: Elaine C
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Actor Libraries properly in the CT
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Actor Libraries ing that multiple c
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Actor Libraries TypedAtomicActor «
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Actor Libraries SequenceScope (exte
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Actor Libraries UnsignedByteArrayTo
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Actor Libraries MobileFunction (ext
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Actor Libraries LogicFunction (exte
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Actor Libraries Sleep (extends Tran
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Actor Libraries VariableFIR (extend
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Actor Libraries Integrator: Integra
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Actor Libraries Figure 4.4 shows th
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5 Designing Actors Authors: Christo
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Designing Actors /** Javadoc commen
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Designing Actors although with most
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Designing Actors import ptolemy.act
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Designing Actors makes such actors
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Designing Actors same parameter val
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Designing Actors morphic actor comp
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Designing Actors To get data polymo
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Designing Actors public class Seque
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Designing Actors be used in domains
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Designing Actors alComm actor. Beca
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Designing Actors attribute has valu
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Designing Actors import ptolemy.act
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6 Coding Style Authors: Christopher
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Coding Style /* One line descriptio
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Coding Style Copyright (c) 2004 The
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Coding Style @version $Id: NamedObj
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Coding Style } We use instead the i
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Coding Style * @exception MyExcepti
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Coding Style + "it does not impleme
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Authors: Edward A. Lee Steve Neuend
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MoML cutes it forever, until you hi
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MoML A second difference between ou
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MoML
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MoML 7.3.3 Names and Classes Most M
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MoML Here, the element named
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MoML implement. 7.3.7 Doc Element S
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MoML It is also sometimes necess
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MoML then there will be a link t
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MoML found. For example, if the cla
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MoML it cannot collide with the nam
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MoML The rendering of the icon is d
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MoML 7.4.5 Deleting Entities, Relat
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MoML This unlinks a port from the s
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MoML model. The EntityLibrary class
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MoML Suppose that using incremental
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MoML Generate a sine wave.
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MoML
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MoML Number of iterations in
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MoML -P- The f
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MoML -P- The phase,
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8 Custom Applets Authors: Edward A.
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Custom Applets html code, see the J
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Custom Applets public class Tutoria
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Custom Applets then the result of
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Custom Applets 8.3.5 Using Model Pa
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Custom Applets ptolemy/domains/doma
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References [1] G. Agha, Actors: A M
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[33] S. A. Edwards, “The Specific
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[67] E. Kohler, The Click Modular R
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[95] J. Liu, X. Liu, T. J. Koo, B.
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[132]W. R. Sutherland, "The on-Line
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Glossary abstract syntax ..........
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Ptolemy II ........................
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Index Symbols - in UML 41 # in UML
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coin flips 142 Color class 173 colo
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entity in XML 198 EntityLibrary cla
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Director class 159 inverse FFT 124
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CompositeEntity class 206 nextPower
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safety 34 SampleDelay actor 78, 138
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type constraint 155 type constraint
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