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Using Vergil a poor design, for two reasons. First, the number of channels is hardwired into the diagram. We will deal with that problem in the next section. Second, each of the channels is a copy of the composite actor in figure 2.34. This results in a far less maintainable or scalable model than we would like. Consider, for example, what it would take to change the design of the channel. Each of the five copies would have to be changed individually. A better solution is to define a channel class. To do this, begin with the design in figure 2.34, and remove the connections to the channel, as shown in figure 2.36. Then right click and select “Convert to Class.” (Note that if you fail to first remove the connections, you will get an error message when you try to convert to class. A class is not permitted to have connections.) The actor icon acquires a blue halo, which serves as a visual indication that it is a class, rather than an ordinary actor (which is an instance). Classes play no role in the execution of the model, and merely serve as definitions of components that must then be instantiated. By convention, we put classes at the top of the model, near the director, since they function as declarations. Once you have a class, you can create an instance by right clicking and selecting “Create Instance” or typing Control-N. Do this five times to create five instances of the class, as shown in figure 2.36. Although this looks similar to the design in figure 2.35, it is, in fact, a much better design. To verify this, try making a change to the class, for example by creating a custom icon for it, as shown in figure 2.37. Note that the changes propagate to each of the instances of the class. A more subtle advantage is that the XML file representation of the model is much smaller, since the design of the class is given only once rather than five times. If you look inside any of the instances (or the class) in figure 2.37, you will see the same channel model. In fact, you will see the class definition. Any change you make inside this hierarchical model will be automatically propagated to all the instances. Try changing the value of the noisePower parameter, for example. 2.7.2 Overriding Parameter Values in Instances By default, all instances of Channel in figure 2.37 have the same icon and the same parameter values. However, each instance can be customized by overriding these values. In figure 2.38, for example, FIGURE 2.35. A poor design of a diversity communication system, which has multiple copies of the channel as defined in figure 2.34. 68 Ptolemy <strong>II</strong>
Using Vergil we have modified the custom icons so that each has a different color, and the fifth one has an extra graphical element. To do this, just right click on the icon of the instance and select “Edit Custom Icon.” 2.7.3 Subclassing and Inheritance Suppose now that we wish to modify some of the channels to add interference in the form of another sinewave. A good way to do this is to create a subclass of the Channel class, as shown in figure 2.39. A subclass is created by right clicking on the class icon and selecting “Create Subclass.” The Model with connections removed. FIGURE 2.36. Creating and using a channel class. Model after channel is converted to class. Model after class is moved to the top. Model after instance is created from class. Model with multiple instances of the same class. Heterogeneous Concurrent Modeling and Design 69
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PTOLEMY II HETEROGENEOUS CONCURRENT
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VOLUME 1 INTRODUCTION TO PTOLEMY II
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Volume 1 Contents Introduction to P
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2.10.3. Constructing Modal Models 8
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7. MoML 191 7.1. Introduction 191 7
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1 Introduction Author: Edward A. Le
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Introduction heterochronous dataflo
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Introduction A major emphasis in Pt
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Introduction determine when actors
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Introduction provides levels of vis
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Introduction is a guard, and the se
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Introduction well. All of these are
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Introduction clients to update thei
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Page 29 and 30: Introduction 1.3.12 Synchronous Dat
Page 31 and 32: Introduction FIGURE 1.10. Refinemen
Page 33 and 34: Introduction occlusions due to terr
Page 35 and 36: Introduction tion. The overall arch
Page 37 and 38: Introduction kernel.attributes This
Page 39 and 40: Introduction 1.5.2 Overview of Key
Page 41 and 42: Introduction Actor interfaces are k
Page 43 and 44: Heterogeneous Concurrent Modeling a
Page 45 and 46: Introduction actor actor.gui data.e
Page 47 and 48: Introduction cient, scalable, and u
Page 49 and 50: Introduction 1.5.8 Future Capabilit
Page 51 and 52: Introduction Appendix A: UML — Un
Page 53 and 54: Introduction grams, the only constr
Page 55 and 56: 2 Using Vergil Authors: Edward A. L
Page 57 and 58: Using Vergil 2.2.2 Executing a Pre-
Page 59 and 60: Using Vergil The Lorenz attractor m
Page 61 and 62: Using Vergil The Continuous-Time (C
Page 63 and 64: Using Vergil box in figure 2.11. En
Page 65 and 66: Using Vergil Don’t panic! Excepti
Page 67 and 68: Using Vergil tions are a normal par
Page 69 and 70: Using Vergil 2.4 Hierarchy Ptolemy
Page 71 and 72: Using Vergil Then using these ports
Page 73 and 74: Using Vergil the default 0.1 to 0.0
Page 75 and 76: Using Vergil pan window, it is easy
Page 77: Using Vergil FIGURE 2.33. The pan w
Page 81 and 82: Using Vergil model, simply copy (or
Page 83 and 84: Using Vergil A key issue is to deci
Page 85 and 86: Using Vergil instances. This proble
Page 87 and 88: Using Vergil quick tour for more de
Page 89 and 90: Using Vergil uses the index in the
Page 91 and 92: Using Vergil AddSubtract actor, and
Page 93 and 94: Using Vergil If you look inside the
Page 95 and 96: Using Vergil If you look inside the
Page 97 and 98: Using Vergil transition (or right c
Page 99 and 100: Using Vergil Once you have created
Page 101 and 102: Using Vergil The grid is turned off
Page 103 and 104: Authors: Edward A. Lee Xiaojun Liu
Page 105 and 106: Expressions classes to create a gen
Page 107 and 108: Expressions The % operation is a mo
Page 109 and 110: Expressions attribute, which includ
Page 111 and 112: Expressions 3.3.5 State Machines Ex
Page 113 and 114: Expressions whose value is an array
Page 115 and 116: Expressions from it. For instance,
Page 117 and 118: Expressions defined. For example, >
Page 119 and 120: Expressions length is given by the
Page 121 and 122: Expressions Thus, for example, you
Page 123 and 124: Expressions number. With one additi
Page 125 and 126: Expressions value. For example, fix
Page 127 and 128: Expressions In the example in figur
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Expressions A.2 Basic Mathematical
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Expressions A.3 Matrix, Array, and
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Expressions A.5 Signal Processing F
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Expressions TABLE 8: Functions perf
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4 Actor Libraries Authors: Elaine C
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Actor Libraries properly in the CT
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Actor Libraries ing that multiple c
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Actor Libraries TypedAtomicActor «
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Actor Libraries SequenceScope (exte
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Actor Libraries UnsignedByteArrayTo
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Actor Libraries MobileFunction (ext
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Actor Libraries LogicFunction (exte
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Actor Libraries Sleep (extends Tran
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Actor Libraries VariableFIR (extend
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Actor Libraries Integrator: Integra
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Actor Libraries Figure 4.4 shows th
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5 Designing Actors Authors: Christo
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Designing Actors /** Javadoc commen
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Designing Actors although with most
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Designing Actors import ptolemy.act
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Designing Actors makes such actors
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Designing Actors same parameter val
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Designing Actors morphic actor comp
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Designing Actors To get data polymo
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Designing Actors public class Seque
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Designing Actors be used in domains
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Designing Actors alComm actor. Beca
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Designing Actors attribute has valu
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Designing Actors import ptolemy.act
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6 Coding Style Authors: Christopher
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Coding Style /* One line descriptio
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Coding Style Copyright (c) 2004 The
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Coding Style @version $Id: NamedObj
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Coding Style } We use instead the i
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Coding Style * @exception MyExcepti
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Coding Style + "it does not impleme
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Authors: Edward A. Lee Steve Neuend
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MoML cutes it forever, until you hi
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MoML A second difference between ou
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MoML
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MoML 7.3.3 Names and Classes Most M
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MoML Here, the element named
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MoML implement. 7.3.7 Doc Element S
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MoML It is also sometimes necess
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MoML then there will be a link t
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MoML found. For example, if the cla
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MoML it cannot collide with the nam
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MoML The rendering of the icon is d
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MoML 7.4.5 Deleting Entities, Relat
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MoML This unlinks a port from the s
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MoML model. The EntityLibrary class
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MoML Suppose that using incremental
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MoML Generate a sine wave.
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MoML
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MoML Number of iterations in
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MoML -P- The f
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MoML -P- The phase,
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8 Custom Applets Authors: Edward A.
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Custom Applets html code, see the J
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Custom Applets public class Tutoria
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Custom Applets then the result of
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Custom Applets 8.3.5 Using Model Pa
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Custom Applets ptolemy/domains/doma
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References [1] G. Agha, Actors: A M
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[33] S. A. Edwards, “The Specific
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[67] E. Kohler, The Click Modular R
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[95] J. Liu, X. Liu, T. J. Koo, B.
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[132]W. R. Sutherland, "The on-Line
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Glossary abstract syntax ..........
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Ptolemy II ........................
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Index Symbols - in UML 41 # in UML
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coin flips 142 Color class 173 colo
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entity in XML 198 EntityLibrary cla
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Director class 159 inverse FFT 124
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CompositeEntity class 206 nextPower
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safety 34 SampleDelay actor 78, 138
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type constraint 155 type constraint
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