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generatePolynomialCurve {double}, double, double, int TABLE 8: Functions performing signal processing operations function argument type(s) return type description Expressions {double} Return samples of a curve specified by a polynomial. The first argument is an array with the polynomial coefficients, beginning with the constant term, the linear term, the squared term, etc. The second argument is the value of the polynomial variable at which to begin, and the third argument is the increment on this variable for each successive sample. The final argument is the length of the returned array. generateRaisedCosinePulse double, double, int {double} Return an array containing a symmetric raised-cosine pulse. This pulse is widely used in communication systems, and is called a “raised cosine pulse” because the magnitude its Fourier transform has a shape that ranges from rectangular (if the excess bandwidth is zero) to a cosine curved that has been raised to be non-negative (for excess bandwidth of 1.0). The elements of the returned array are samples of the function: h() t ---------------------sin( πt/T ) cos( xπt/T ) , πt/T 1 ( 2xt/T) generateRectangularWindow int {double} where x is the excess bandwidth (the first argument) and T is the number of samples from the center of the pulse to the first zero crossing (the second argument). The samples are taken with a sampling interval of 1.0, and the returned array is symmetric and has a length equal to the third argument. With an excessBandwidth of 0.0, this pulse is a sinc pulse. Return an array filled with 1.0 of the specified length. This is a rectangular window. IDCT {double} or {double} Return the inverse discrete cosine transform of the specified {double}, int or array, using the specified (optional) length and normalization {double}, int, int strategy (see page 113). IFFT {double} or {complex} Return the inverse fast Fourier transform of the specified {complex} or {double}, int {complex}, int array. If the second argument is given with value , then the length of the transform is . Otherwise, the length is the next power of two greater than or equal to the length of the input array. If the input length does not match this length, then input is padded with zeros. nextPowerOfTwo double int Return the next power of two larger than or equal to the argument. poleZeroToFrequency {complex}, {com- {complex} Given an array of pole locations, an array of zero locations, a plex}, complex, int gain term, and a size, return an array of the specified size representing the frequency response specified by these poles, zeros, and gain. This is calculated by walking around the unit circle and forming the product of the distances to the zeros, dividing by the product of the distances to the poles, and multiplying by the gain. sinc double double Return the sinc function, , where special care is taken to ensure that 1.0 is returned if the argument is 0.0. 2 = × ----------------------------- – n 2 n sin( x)/x 124 Ptolemy II
Expressions TABLE 8: Functions performing signal processing operations function argument type(s) return type description toDecibels double double Return 20 × log10( z) , where z is the argument. unwrap {double} {double} Modify the specified array to unwrap the angles. That is, if the difference between successive values is greater than π in magnitude, then the second value is modified by multiples of 2π until the difference is less than or equal to π . In addition, the first element is modified so that its difference from zero is less than or equal to π in magnitude. upsample {double}, int {double} Return a new array that is the result of inserting n – 1 zeroes between each successive sample in the input array, where n is the second argument. The returned array has length nL , where L is the length of the argument array. It is required that n > 0 . A.6 I/O Functions and Other Miscellaneous Functions TABLE 9: Miscellaneous functions. function argument type(s) return type description asURL string string Return a URL representation of the argument. cast type1, type2 type1 Return the second argument converted to the type of the first, or throw an exception if the conversion is invalid. constants none record Return a record identifying all the globally defined constants in the expression language. findFile string string Given a file name relative to the user directory, current directory, or classpath, return the absolute file name of the first match, or return the name unchanged if no match is found. freeMemory none long Return the approximate number of bytes available for future memory allocation. iterate function, int, type {type} Return an array that results from first applying the specified function to the third argument, then applying it to the result of that application, and repeating to get an array whose length is given by the second argument. map function, {type} {type} Return an array that results from applying the specified function to the elements of the specified array. property string string Return a system property with the specified name from the environment, or an empty string if there is none. Some useful properties are java.version, ptolemy.ptII.dir, ptolemy.ptII.dirAsURL, and user.dir. readFile string string Get the string text in the specified file, or throw an exception if the file cannot be found. The file can be absolute, or relative to the current working directory (user.dir), the user’s home directory (user.home), or the classpath. readResource string string Get the string text in the specified resource (which is a file found relative to the classpath), or throw an exception if the file cannot be found. totalMemory none long Return the approximate number of bytes used by current objects plus those available for future object allocation. Heterogeneous Concurrent Modeling and Design 125
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PTOLEMY II HETEROGENEOUS CONCURRENT
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VOLUME 1 INTRODUCTION TO PTOLEMY II
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Volume 1 Contents Introduction to P
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2.10.3. Constructing Modal Models 8
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7. MoML 191 7.1. Introduction 191 7
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1 Introduction Author: Edward A. Le
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Introduction heterochronous dataflo
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Introduction A major emphasis in Pt
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Introduction determine when actors
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Introduction provides levels of vis
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Introduction is a guard, and the se
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Introduction well. All of these are
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Introduction clients to update thei
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Introduction will be supplied with
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Introduction 1.3.12 Synchronous Dat
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Introduction FIGURE 1.10. Refinemen
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Introduction occlusions due to terr
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Introduction tion. The overall arch
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Introduction kernel.attributes This
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Introduction 1.5.2 Overview of Key
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Introduction Actor interfaces are k
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Heterogeneous Concurrent Modeling a
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Introduction actor actor.gui data.e
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Introduction cient, scalable, and u
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Introduction 1.5.8 Future Capabilit
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Introduction Appendix A: UML — Un
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Introduction grams, the only constr
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2 Using Vergil Authors: Edward A. L
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Using Vergil 2.2.2 Executing a Pre-
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Using Vergil The Lorenz attractor m
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Using Vergil The Continuous-Time (C
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Using Vergil box in figure 2.11. En
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Using Vergil Don’t panic! Excepti
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Using Vergil tions are a normal par
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Using Vergil 2.4 Hierarchy Ptolemy
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Using Vergil Then using these ports
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Using Vergil the default 0.1 to 0.0
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Using Vergil pan window, it is easy
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Using Vergil FIGURE 2.33. The pan w
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Using Vergil we have modified the c
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Using Vergil model, simply copy (or
Page 83 and 84: Using Vergil A key issue is to deci
Page 85 and 86: Using Vergil instances. This proble
Page 87 and 88: Using Vergil quick tour for more de
Page 89 and 90: Using Vergil uses the index in the
Page 91 and 92: Using Vergil AddSubtract actor, and
Page 93 and 94: Using Vergil If you look inside the
Page 95 and 96: Using Vergil If you look inside the
Page 97 and 98: Using Vergil transition (or right c
Page 99 and 100: Using Vergil Once you have created
Page 101 and 102: Using Vergil The grid is turned off
Page 103 and 104: Authors: Edward A. Lee Xiaojun Liu
Page 105 and 106: Expressions classes to create a gen
Page 107 and 108: Expressions The % operation is a mo
Page 109 and 110: Expressions attribute, which includ
Page 111 and 112: Expressions 3.3.5 State Machines Ex
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Page 115 and 116: Expressions from it. For instance,
Page 117 and 118: Expressions defined. For example, >
Page 119 and 120: Expressions length is given by the
Page 121 and 122: Expressions Thus, for example, you
Page 123 and 124: Expressions number. With one additi
Page 125 and 126: Expressions value. For example, fix
Page 127 and 128: Expressions In the example in figur
Page 129 and 130: Expressions A.2 Basic Mathematical
Page 131 and 132: Expressions A.3 Matrix, Array, and
Page 133: Expressions A.5 Signal Processing F
Page 137 and 138: 4 Actor Libraries Authors: Elaine C
Page 139 and 140: Actor Libraries properly in the CT
Page 141 and 142: Actor Libraries ing that multiple c
Page 143 and 144: Actor Libraries TypedAtomicActor «
Page 145 and 146: Actor Libraries SequenceScope (exte
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Page 149 and 150: Actor Libraries MobileFunction (ext
Page 151 and 152: Actor Libraries LogicFunction (exte
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Page 157 and 158: Actor Libraries Integrator: Integra
Page 159 and 160: Actor Libraries Figure 4.4 shows th
Page 161 and 162: 5 Designing Actors Authors: Christo
Page 163 and 164: Designing Actors /** Javadoc commen
Page 165 and 166: Designing Actors although with most
Page 167 and 168: Designing Actors import ptolemy.act
Page 169 and 170: Designing Actors makes such actors
Page 171 and 172: Designing Actors same parameter val
Page 173 and 174: Designing Actors morphic actor comp
Page 175 and 176: Designing Actors To get data polymo
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Page 181 and 182: Designing Actors alComm actor. Beca
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Designing Actors import ptolemy.act
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6 Coding Style Authors: Christopher
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Coding Style /* One line descriptio
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Coding Style Copyright (c) 2004 The
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Coding Style @version $Id: NamedObj
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Coding Style } We use instead the i
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Coding Style * @exception MyExcepti
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Coding Style + "it does not impleme
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Authors: Edward A. Lee Steve Neuend
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MoML cutes it forever, until you hi
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MoML A second difference between ou
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MoML
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MoML 7.3.3 Names and Classes Most M
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MoML Here, the element named
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MoML implement. 7.3.7 Doc Element S
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MoML It is also sometimes necess
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MoML then there will be a link t
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MoML found. For example, if the cla
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MoML it cannot collide with the nam
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MoML The rendering of the icon is d
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MoML 7.4.5 Deleting Entities, Relat
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MoML This unlinks a port from the s
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MoML model. The EntityLibrary class
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MoML Suppose that using incremental
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MoML Generate a sine wave.
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MoML
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MoML Number of iterations in
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MoML -P- The f
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MoML -P- The phase,
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8 Custom Applets Authors: Edward A.
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Custom Applets html code, see the J
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Custom Applets public class Tutoria
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Custom Applets then the result of
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Custom Applets 8.3.5 Using Model Pa
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Custom Applets ptolemy/domains/doma
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References [1] G. Agha, Actors: A M
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[33] S. A. Edwards, “The Specific
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[67] E. Kohler, The Click Modular R
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[95] J. Liu, X. Liu, T. J. Koo, B.
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[132]W. R. Sutherland, "The on-Line
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Glossary abstract syntax ..........
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Ptolemy II ........................
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Index Symbols - in UML 41 # in UML
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coin flips 142 Color class 173 colo
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entity in XML 198 EntityLibrary cla
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Director class 159 inverse FFT 124
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CompositeEntity class 206 nextPower
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safety 34 SampleDelay actor 78, 138
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type constraint 155 type constraint
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