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Dr. Flexner "quoted scripturem to ease Mitrany's fears, for the Professor, still in England, had heard indirectly that Flexner con- sidered first a rathematical economist, and now an expert in money and rates. Hitrany was not reassured; he repeated his demands for a philo- sophical economist, and above all, for a congenial group. As for Dr. Riefler, had he been informed with equal candor of Mr. Stewart's views. he might have had serious misgivings about his future career in research at the Institute. He decided to accept the offer from Flexner late in December. While Hr. Frankfurter had been given to understand that Dr. Riefler was being interviewed by the Director and Mr. Stewart, Plexner's notes and agenda did not announce his intention to nominate the economist at the January meeting. To the Trustees, Dr. Flexner gave a brief description of Dr. Riefler's qualifications, and expressed the hope that the three men then in the School of Econmics and Politics would be able to work to- gether in internatio~l politics and economics. They would have the same autonouy, individually and as a School, as was enjoyed in the School of Mathematics. The appointment was unanimously approved, but Mr. Prank- furter took vigorous exception to the fact that Flexner proposed and the Board granted a salary for the econmist which exceeded by $2,000 the full-time rates of his absent colleagues in the School. The minutes say that "standardizedn rates were discussed, and noted "that most of the Board vas opposed to the principle." Mr. Frankfurter asked to be recorded as opposed to the differential, maintaining that either Riefler should \ receive the same salary as Earle and Hitrany, or that their salaries \ '. -, . should be raised to equal his. 54 - \
Two days after the meeting, Frankfurter at Harvard wrote the folloving letter to Dr. Riefler, sending a copy to Flexner. Ever since I have been on this faculty, for now a little over twenty years, it has been ry practice to tell acquaintances whose names have come up for consideration directly what doubts or difficulties I mzy have had to rzise in faculty meting. This avoids misunderstanding through the dangers of misreport, however'innocent, through indirect transmission. That practice of candor seems to me to be equally appropriate for you and se in the case of the Institute for Advanced Study. Therefore, I should like you to knov that I welcomed your ac- cession to the Institute znd voted for it with pleasure and hope. But I voted against the stipend proposed by Dr. Flexner, not beczuse it was too high, but beeuse it was higher than that given to your colleagues in the School of Politics and Economics. For I deem inequality of treatment among men of substantially similar age and scholarly distinction as inimical to the airs of a society of scholars. This is not the occas- ion to argue the matter; I sirply wanted you to know precisely what my attitude was towards your coning to the Institute, and to the conditions of your coming. If you have to leave governtr~ent -- and I wnnot conceal my regret that you are doing so, in view of my great interest in a permanent civil service -- I am at least happy that you are giving yourself to sch0larshi~.5~ Reactions were prompt and .severe. Dr. Riefler vas shocked and' unhappy. He sought to withdraw from the appointment, and suggested that Mr. Frankfurter bring the matter before the Board for reconsideration. He had great respect for the lavyer. As for Flexner, his anger was now fully aroused. He vrote Frankfurter declaring that his letter to Rief- ler was a "piece of unmitigated impertinence;" he was notifying the Comittee on Nominations that "under no circumstances can they nominate both me and you for re-election. They shall have to choose between us.n56 To Riefler he vrote: I wish to assure you once more that there is nothing within reason that we will not do to enable you to fulfill your own ambitions and to make you and your family happy in this new enviro~rent.~~
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A HISTORY OF TEE INSTITUTE POR ADVA
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TmLE OF CONTESTS INTRODUCTION . . .
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1 \ -c. --- ft 5s safe to 52)- that
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ot;-tervise would have b ~en lackin
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medical school. Such a school, he s
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them to abandon their intention to
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in the "plans already in effect.* N
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2. B. Grznting only the Doctor's an
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men of the nost distinguished stand
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Frank Aydelotte of Swarthmore Colle
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to purckse, retaining the right to
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Board of Directors approved the pur
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man whose warm hwn qualities, wisdo
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Th9 third phase began with the Rode
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dominant classical tradition of the
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the United States and Canada. He ac
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expenditure of sorething like $500
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in dominating spirit znd interest t
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for college graduates, reseerch ins
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quality to hirrself. ft was a susta
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ment," without explanation. Dr. Fle
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November, 1930, creating enew the s
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easonable certainties they have lea
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third-year college stu&nt in thls c
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John C. French, A History of the Un
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men vith which he charged a few Eas
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tions in the hope that better days
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What could be expected, if a modern
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He wrote: I am sending you kere-uft
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worthy of your beneficent idealism.
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sible for the eonduct of the businm
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the intent to train and guide stude
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emitted as trustees give promise...
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criticize freely in whole or in par
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Mr. Roughton was an elder statesran
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even in America. Fs pledged hinelf
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the number to the fifteen provided
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Mr. Barnbergex's proposal gave the
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Vice-himn was provided for, The Boa
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CHAPTER fX - NOTES 1. Goodspeed, op
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Re shall, after conference with t k
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CHAfTER I11 PLAPriING TEE ESTITUTE
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in research, whereas, la projecting
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a delay in action. The Board could
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I have finished the second draft of
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Universities, being prirrarily inte
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\ . science; the school of economic
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merh~rs of the Institute, and perso
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applied science, and progress in ph
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it right be decided that schools in
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had all too ilttle of it. He had be
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as a location; the mjority advised
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Meanwhile, in Jznuary 1932, the Dir
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Institute were not required to teac
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and the natural sciences. 26 Suqris
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+ this cen chosen were drzwn togeth
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and laborious in a university, 35 D
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Director on a par with the Institut
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, furter, though still agreeing uit
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I am firmly convinced that the absu
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of the University had it held itsel
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Foundation for Scientific Research,
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18. Minutes, Trusteesr meeting, 1/1
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CHAmm IT TEE SCHOOL OF HAIkXWTfCS T
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fields of rwtherratics and its eppl
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\\ \ based on the lot of the young
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one man was only a "nu~leus,~ vhile
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they would meet zt Oxford Universit
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Cruel indecision now assailed Birkh
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destined in their judgment "to hit
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California Institute of Technology'
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wbtsoever. As for himelf, he looked
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confidentially ex2ressed misgivings
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hononed him, Dr. Einstein first vis
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of the story, and photographs of Ei
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My point was not that you were raki
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uri tteri: The first problen! of co
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sam thing to Dr. Weyl, plagued as h
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sox Einstein is thus a distinct add
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Unfortunately, Veblen used Flexnerl
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over the "transferm of the three me
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feared Veblents diqleasure should h
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Professor Veblen bore in the Founde
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either a full and permanent member
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deciding who should be admitted, su
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This was written when Veblen though
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protect the Institute in deciding n
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Then came the French Consul to offe
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ideological extremes in Germany had
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pointed on a rainy Manhattan dock w
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in routing the correspondence. He c
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Professor Veblen was one who had be
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young n-mnber f xom Prague. He noti
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-- '\ Ih you how why Einstein said
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Page 194 and 195: Alexander bve talked to re about Ho
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Page 200 and 201: He estimated it would cost $3,000 t
Page 202 and 203: 61. Flexner to Veblen, 12/9/32; 12/
Page 204 and 205: 97. Plewser to bass, 2/19/34. Jesse
Page 206 and 207: CHAPTER V TEZE SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS
Page 208 and 209: those of the Vice-president beceae
Page 210 and 211: about durq educaticnal directors. T
Page 212 and 213: While Stewart mistrusted apoliticia
Page 214 and 215: wanted, it was of the economist, an
Page 216 and 217: ecause of his liberal policies, a d
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Page 220 and 221: were to be asserted in a series of
Page 222 and 223: No, I don't expect to be wholly a d
Page 224 and 225: friend of the Director since 1928.
Page 226 and 227: that neither he nor the Trustees wo
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Page 230 and 231: as a member of the Board. 36 Hr. Fr
Page 232 and 233: and the luxury of agreeing with him
Page 234 and 235: onic point of view but from an hist
Page 236 and 237: When Mr. Maass received the minutes
Page 238 and 239: attitude on the acceptability of Ma
Page 240 and 241: consider itself as a location but r
Page 244 and 245: Unfortunately, this was a cmitment
Page 246 and 247: Dr. Flemer had kept President Dodds
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Page 250 and 251: He may have been hoping to secure f
Page 252 and 253: eceived, and of one "unethusiastic"
Page 254 and 255: ultiaately a budget of $100,000 a y
Page 256 and 257: But the beginning of September was
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Page 262 and 263: egarded work of his career before h
Page 264 and 265: CHAPTER V - NOTES 1. Interview with
Page 266 and 267: 37. Simon Flexner to Bernard Flexne
Page 268 and 269: 71. Riefler to Flexner, 3/13/36. Ay
Page 270 and 271: country for classical hwnistic stud
Page 272 and 273: notions formed on the basis of defe
Page 274 and 275: mising.> His great vzlue to Fleer w
Page 276 and 277: lish nev objectives, say, in kerica
Page 278 and 279: In its tone this was less an outlin
Page 280 and 281: \ '. -\ would be imnaterial, provid
Page 282 and 283: Princeton: - The cooperation.. .fie
Page 284 and 285: eplied that he saw little llklihood
Page 286 and 287: and the burranities was clear. As h
Page 288 and 289: and unhealthful. He wanted to retur
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Princeton. At that p~ss Flexner ste
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too old to accumulate them at Teach
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sorPanofsky was at McCarmick H all,
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concessions to the De~rtment as did
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In 1936, he decided ta seek a lump
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Apparently the Director decided tha
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and after the most careful scrutiny
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of the Institute depends solely and
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to be such .that studies.. .will be
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CHASTER Vf - Notes I. Fosdick, op.
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34. Vekien to Flexner, 11/5/36. Fle
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CWTER VIf TOO MANY GENERALS The est
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General Education Board in 1925 to
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and how helpful I am sure he is goi
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order of business only a brief stet
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. of the Trustees concurred. They k
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From the time of his conversation w
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-317- with rrembers on behalf of th
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sites. Flexner'a reply was courteou
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near the apposite University depart
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The experiment of cooperating with
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On the same day he wrote to Mr. Bam
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was out of the question. To complet
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As the proposal for the first build
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mathematic stipends w wld better be
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than it was uorth, and the Universi
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joint basis. The Departrrrent agree
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outine matter..,The vzrious univers
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and inviting then, since he ves the
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professors in the School of Mathema
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were faculties entirely self-govern
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sthndards he discussed with Profess
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The Director did not consult the fa
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one group for the trustees, the oth
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continue to suggest the names of li
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the conferences ended as Professors
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k t US get our minds so full of the
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leased. The Institute would advznce
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to protect funds from the faculty,
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6. Maass to Flexner, 7J10/33. 7. In
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46, Flexner to Peblen, 12/4/36. 47.
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84. Minutes, Trustees' meeting, 1/2
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