The Economic Value of Water and Ecosystem Preservation

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Table of Contents Executive Summary.......................................................................................................... v 1. Overview of San Antonio Bay Region..................................................................... 1 1.1. Geographic Setting for the San Antonio Bay Region......................................... 1 1.2. Legal Setting in Texas Related to Freshwater Inflows ....................................... 2 1.3. Introduction to the Importance of Inflows.......................................................... 3 1.4. Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 5 2. The Role of Freshwater Inflows in Sustaining Estuarine Ecosystem Health in the San Antonio Bay Region ............................................................................................ 6 2.1. Introduction......................................................................................................... 6 2.2. The Role of Freshwater Inflows to Sustain Estuarine Ecosystems..................... 6 2.2.1. Functional role of freshwater inflow........................................................... 6 2.2.2. Variable freshwater inflows........................................................................ 9 2.2.3. Effects of reduced freshwater inflows ...................................................... 10 2.3. Observed and Potential Effects of reduced freshwater inflows in the San Antonio Bay Ecosystem................................................................................................ 12 2.4. Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 15 3. Characterization of Ecotourism in the San Antonio Bay Region of Texas ....... 17 3.1. Introduction....................................................................................................... 17 3.2. General Overview of Ecotourism ..................................................................... 18 3.3. Ecotourism in the San Antonio Bay Region..................................................... 20 3.3.1. Protected Areas of the San Antonio Bay: Valuable Natural Assets ......... 20 3.3.2. The Economics of Multiple Nature Tourism Services ............................. 25 3.3.3. Economic Impact of Ecotourism .............................................................. 28 3.4. Conclusions....................................................................................................... 30 4. Estimating the Value of Freshwater Inflows Supporting Ecotourism............... 32 4.1. Introduction....................................................................................................... 32 4.2. Key Site Details for the Analysis...................................................................... 33 4.3. Travel Cost Method - Analytical Approach and Description ........................... 33 4.3.1. Travel Cost Method - Survey and Data Description................................. 35 4.3.2. Travel Cost Method – Analysis and Results............................................. 36 4.4. Production Function Approach – Analytical Approach and Description ......... 38 4.4.1. Problems with representing freshwater inflows in a production function 38 4.4.2. Production Function Approach - Data ...................................................... 40 4.4.3. Production Function Approach – Analysis and Results ........................... 40 4.5. Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 43 5. The Socio-economic Environment of the San Antonio Bay Region ................... 44 5.1. County Socio-economic Information................................................................ 44 5.2. Analysis............................................................................................................. 54 5.2.1. Methodology............................................................................................. 54 ii
5.2.2. Sources / Data ........................................................................................... 57 5.3. Results of the study........................................................................................... 58 5.3.1. Shift – Share Analysis............................................................................... 58 5.3.2. Input-Output Analysis............................................................................... 65 5.4. Conclusions....................................................................................................... 67 6. Concluding Discussion............................................................................................ 70 7. References................................................................................................................ 78 iii
Page 1: Final Report to the Texas Coastal M
Page 5 and 6: Executive Summary The San Antonio B
Page 7 and 8: ecotourism included in the model. T
Page 9 and 10: 1. Overview of San Antonio Bay Regi
Page 11 and 12: and shellfish species and estuarine
Page 13 and 14: According to the Rockport-Fulton Ch
Page 15 and 16: effect is limited by assimilative c
Page 17 and 18: freshwater inflow acts as a mechani
Page 19 and 20: sulfide. Heavy metals bounds to sed
Page 21 and 22: inflow levels and populations of se
Page 23 and 24: and could potentially make the cran
Page 25 and 26: 3. Characterization of Ecotourism i
Page 27 and 28: Contributes actively to the conserv
Page 29 and 30: Figure 3-1. Public Protected Areas
Page 31 and 32: 1987 and then purchased in 1991. Pr
Page 33 and 34: 3.3.2. The Economics of Multiple Na
Page 35 and 36: Table 3-2. Average Willingness to P
Page 37 and 38: Table 3-3. Personal Income and Prod
Page 39 and 40: impact. It is necessary to conduct
Page 41 and 42: 4.2. Key Site Details for the Analy
Page 43 and 44: approach allows examination of ques
Page 45 and 46: This average number of trips from t
Page 47 and 48: occasional flood and drought events
Page 49 and 50: The results of the regression yield
Page 51 and 52: gallons, which results in a value o
Page 53 and 54:
Aransas distinguishes itself from C
Page 55 and 56:
thresholds vary according the size
Page 57 and 58:
The total number of full-time and p
Page 59 and 60:
The County also shows a lower educa
Page 61 and 62:
Refugio shows a rapid decrease in t
Page 63 and 64:
IM t+ n ic = E t ic ⎡⎛ E × ⎢
Page 65 and 66:
included an economic analysis of th
Page 67 and 68:
Table 5-5. Employment Shift-Share A
Page 69 and 70:
Fishing and related activities. The
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 5-15. Employment change by s
Page 73 and 74:
5.3.2. Input-Output Analysis The in
Page 75 and 76:
Calhoun Calhoun County’s experien
Page 77 and 78:
an advantage, particularly in oyste
Page 79 and 80:
Impacts on the Freshwater Inflows t
Page 81 and 82:
However, due to the lack of consist
Page 83 and 84:
This implicitly assumes that flows
Page 85 and 86:
for fresh product. This fishery wil
Page 87 and 88:
Elliot, D. (2007). Competitive Adva
Page 89 and 90:
Pearce, D. W. (1994). The MIT Dicti
Page 91 and 92:
The Nature Conservancy. (2002). "Na
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