The Economic Value of Water and Ecosystem Preservation

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The decrease in manufacturing sector employment was the greatest drag on the regional economy. This resulted in a total negative employment impact of 2,156 jobs and a drop in income of $191.9 million. As with the construction sector, this impact was centralized in a single county: Calhoun. Aransas Unlike its neighboring county to the northeast, Aransas was able to make up the loss in some of the four sectors analyzed, with substantial gains in others. As a result, jobs increased by 376 and income by $17.6 million overall. Fishing, the primary sector of focus, experienced significant decline of 7% in employment (79 direct jobs and 91 total jobs) and correspondingly, decreases in income and output (see Table 5-9). Manufacturing also suffered employment loss through this time period, although to a much lesser degree, yet the total impact on income approached that of fishing. Table 5-9. Economic Impact-Aransas Direct Indirect Induced Total Fishing (-) Output $2,520,891 $388,159 $598,422 $3,507,472 Employment 79 4.4 7.6 91 Income $1,371,514 $164,174 $175,651 $1,711,339 Mining (+) Output $39,608,736 $6,143,916 $3,344,867 $49,097,518 Employment 93 41.5 42.5 177 Income $6,888,255 $1,877,423 $981,847 $9,747,525 Manufacturing (-) Output $2,832.931 $512,095 $427,536 $3,772,564 Employment 33 5.9 5.4 44.3 Income $937,951 $187,549 $125,500 $1,251,000 Construction (+) Output $30,034,496 $5,851,544 $3,795,959 $39,682,000 Employment 203 82.9 48.2 334.1 Income $7,260,796 $2,505,567 $1,114,208 $10,880,570 Mining (oil and gas) and Construction produced positive economic impacts for Aransas County. Combined, they added 296 jobs (direct) but accounted for the creation of 511 total jobs through the multiplier effect. Income increased as well, with a total impact of $20.6 million. As mentioned above and in the previous section, construction growth is dominated by the retiree and second home market in Aransas County. We could expect this trend to continue into the near future even as housing starts slow down nationally. 66
Calhoun Calhoun County’s experience is much different than that of Aransas. It has experienced declines in all four sectors under examination. The total number of jobs lost as a result of direct job loss was 1,325 and a corresponding total income loss of $45.2 million (Table 5-10). The fishing sector experienced the smallest percentage loss of the four sectors (0.94%). The sectors hardest hit were manufacturing and construction. A significant number of direct jobs were lost just in these two sectors (1,063). Conversations with the Calhoun County Economic Development Corporation (August, 2007) revealed that the job loss had been due to the temporary buildup of personnel for expansion of a number of the counties petro-chemical plants, and then the subsequent scaling back of those crews as the work was completed. Table 5-10. Economic Impact-Calhoun Direct Indirect Induced Total Fishing (-) Output $100,199 $12,004 $14,838 $127,041 Employment 4 .1 .2 4.3 Income $55,958 $4,863 $4,296 $65,117 Mining (-) Output $16,594,208 $2,131,589 $590,927 $19,316,724 Employment 40 11 7.2 58.2 Income $2,879,399 $522,325 $171,540 $3,572,864 Manufacturing (-) Output $127,911,760 $13,683,414 $7,749,969 $149,345,143 Employment 892 75.4 94.9 1,062.3 Income $27,452,578 $3,732,724 $2,243,834 $33,429,135 Construction (-) Output $16,658,910 $1,170,775 $1,414,484 $19,244,170 Employment 171 12.1 17.3 200.4 Income $7,211,285 $516,100 $409,632 $8,137,016 5.4. Conclusions Job growth and quality continues to be a challenge for rural counties, not only in the Coastal Bend, but nationwide. The three counties examined here - Aransas, Calhoun, and Refugio - have many issues in common and several that are unique to the county itself. Table 5-11 identifies a few of the positive and negative socio-economic characteristics. A common thread running through all the counties is the level of educational attainment. In most cases the levels are significantly less than the State average. This will continue to be a drag on economic development. Both Refugio and Calhoun are experiencing negative or flat population growth. 67
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Final Report to the Texas Coastal M
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5.2.2. Sources / Data .............
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Executive Summary The San Antonio B
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ecotourism included in the model. T
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1. Overview of San Antonio Bay Regi
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and shellfish species and estuarine
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According to the Rockport-Fulton Ch
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effect is limited by assimilative c
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freshwater inflow acts as a mechani
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sulfide. Heavy metals bounds to sed
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inflow levels and populations of se
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Page 25 and 26: 3. Characterization of Ecotourism i
Page 27 and 28: Contributes actively to the conserv
Page 29 and 30: Figure 3-1. Public Protected Areas
Page 31 and 32: 1987 and then purchased in 1991. Pr
Page 33 and 34: 3.3.2. The Economics of Multiple Na
Page 35 and 36: Table 3-2. Average Willingness to P
Page 37 and 38: Table 3-3. Personal Income and Prod
Page 39 and 40: impact. It is necessary to conduct
Page 41 and 42: 4.2. Key Site Details for the Analy
Page 43 and 44: approach allows examination of ques
Page 45 and 46: This average number of trips from t
Page 47 and 48: occasional flood and drought events
Page 49 and 50: The results of the regression yield
Page 51 and 52: gallons, which results in a value o
Page 53 and 54: Aransas distinguishes itself from C
Page 55 and 56: thresholds vary according the size
Page 57 and 58: The total number of full-time and p
Page 59 and 60: The County also shows a lower educa
Page 61 and 62: Refugio shows a rapid decrease in t
Page 63 and 64: IM t+ n ic = E t ic ⎡⎛ E × ⎢
Page 65 and 66: included an economic analysis of th
Page 67 and 68: Table 5-5. Employment Shift-Share A
Page 69 and 70: Fishing and related activities. The
Page 71 and 72: Figure 5-15. Employment change by s
Page 73: 5.3.2. Input-Output Analysis The in
Page 77 and 78: an advantage, particularly in oyste
Page 79 and 80: Impacts on the Freshwater Inflows t
Page 81 and 82: However, due to the lack of consist
Page 83 and 84: This implicitly assumes that flows
Page 85 and 86: for fresh product. This fishery wil
Page 87 and 88: Elliot, D. (2007). Competitive Adva
Page 89 and 90: Pearce, D. W. (1994). The MIT Dicti
Page 91 and 92: The Nature Conservancy. (2002). "Na
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The Economic Value of Water and Ecosystem Preservation

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