an innovative approach

2. Interviews: Audio Tape Recording
The twelve students (S1 – S12) were interviewed after their complete
responding on the pre-survey (IPS) and the post-survey (APS) respectively (Table
3.4). Suitable out-of-class interview times for the students and the researcher were
organized for the interview at their school. Before interviewing, the researcher
discussed their roles and what was expected of them in this interview. Then the
students’ responses were recalled by their reading from what they had written in the
survey. The students’ responses to interview questions were transcribed and analyzed
together with their responses in the survey.
The three biology teachers, Mrs. Amp, Mr. Vyn, and Mrs. Engka, were
interviewed individually at the end of the observation to reflect their teaching as it
concerned the impact of the intervention. In other words, the researcher conducted
two interviews in each week, for five weeks, totaling 30 interviews. The suitable
interview times were class-free times, lunchtimes, or after school. The semistructured
interviews conducted were audio taped and transcribed verbatim by the
researcher and the transcript was given to the teachers for their approval.
3. Observations: Field Note and Video Recording
The three Grade 11 classrooms implementing the photosynthesis teaching
intervention were observed for 5 weeks. The teachers were observed during their
teaching period. Their photosynthesis lessons were taught twice a week, one in two
60-minute periods and another in one 60-minute period. There were, in total, 30
observational periods with the three teachers. The teaching and learning situations
were recorded through field notes during the teaching periods. The focuses for the
twelve students were: the discussion and negotiation of their ideas, for their
accomplishments of learning tasks and everyday interactions with the teacher and
others in a group and/or whole classroom along with the collaborative management of
the discussions among the students. The focuses for the teachers were: their
management of the classroom interaction process, and their relationship with their
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