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everyday living and taking the National Entrance Examination, but she thought that teaching biology inside the school could not help her for the expectation. “When the school events came, the teacher missed the class or I don’t understand the contents, I’ve studied biology by myself and consult my friends…now I’m going to study biology with the private tutorial. Her biology learning achievement was 4.0 and her GPA was 3.85. 3. Mrs. Amp’s Beliefs about Teaching and Learning According to the classroom observations and informal interviews throughout the study, Mrs. Amp perceived role of teaching as assessing students’ work responsibility. Her teaching, thus, was strongly emphasized students’ good discipline in classroom learning. Students should be quiet and be dependently moved. Sending all assignments was often asked to receive her briefly comments and the scores. Mrs. Amp would rarely appreciate students’ argument to the order of the teacher and the school. She believed that students would learn if they often wrote all concepts/ words/statements on their notebooks. 190 Also, Mrs. Amp was critical of the school policy which did not allow her to fail students in any examination involved GPA of the students. The policy was for helping the students to succeed in the National Entrance Examination which was counting GPA as a part of taking the Examination. So, she perceived the policy as the teaching interruption. She thought that students would not longer regard her orders and then her implementing the new teaching unit would hardly be succeeded. However, she addressed that it was necessary to help students for taking the Examination by over up grading the students’ biology learning achievement, GPA. Mrs. Amp regarded her lack of content knowledge as particular problematic issue of teaching photosynthesis, and was very nervous to changing the teaching tradition from teacher-centered approach to student-centered approach. “I’ m fear to teach with the new teaching style.” she said sincerely in the final interview. Her teaching had appeared to avoid new teaching activities, in particular discussion,
laboratory activities and concept mapping. The learning step was locked into reading papers which were copied from teacher’s transparencies and students’ worksheets based on the teaching unit. Finally, the students’ learning was found as repeating the concepts written in the papers and the worksheets unit they could remember for the examination. 4. Mrs. Amp’s Planning Mrs. Amp early prepared students’ worksheets based on the unit at the 191 beginning of the implementation. The worksheets were copies as much as the number of her students in Grade 11, and were disciplinarily distributed to the students page by page in the classroom. Mrs. Amp commented that she was necessary to leave photosynthesis teaching because the school special events, e.g. school sport day and ‘School Loving Day’, and her special work such as welcoming school visitors to evaluate the school quality and attending conferences outside the school. Then, she asked the students to read the worksheets during her leave and then gave a lecture at the end of implementing the unit. Mrs. Amp implemented the teaching unit for four weeks and began the implementation on the 1 st November 2004. Figure 5.5 shows the teaching room setting. There were twenty 60 x 120 x 80 cm. student tables, one 200 x 100 x 80 cm. teacher table, forty five stools, three ceiling fans, seven cabinets and six shelves, one television and one refrigerator, two computers, two sinks and six electric light bulbs.
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THESIS CASE STUDIES OF TEACHING AND
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) iii P
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) v Pag
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LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Struc
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LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED) Table Pa
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter
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led to improvement in the promotion
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water worked as food transported wi
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suggested peer collaboration for hi
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chloroplasts and pigments, the ligh
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would like to develop a new teachin
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concepts, such as absorption of lig
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conceptions, the scope of biology e
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3, and 8. In Grades 11-12, the scie
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Table 2.3 Basic Science Content Sta
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Table 2.3 (Cont’d) Contents Conte
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light energy and chlorophyll 2 H O
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2. Photosynthesis Itself Plants, al
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of chlorophyll. The students believ
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Up to this point, those previous st
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partly because of the biology educa
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(Matthews, 1997: 6). Philosophicall
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understanding capability of environ
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4. Social Constructivism The Russia
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5. Constructivist-Based Teaching ab
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peers, while the control group work
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generation to the next” (Cobb and
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2.1) Thai Living Styles Thailand is
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focuses prepare them to take the Na
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culture. First, Thai existing views
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Third, the nature of science is the
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democratic view, that the understan
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4. Summary: Integrating the Nature
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elationship between one concept and
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Brown (2003) used a combination of
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Focusing on thinking and encouragin
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Which aspect of the nature of scien
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teaching photosynthesis needs impro
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− encouraging students to partici
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The attempt to understand and inter
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Figure 3.1 Research Design of the T
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was considered to differentiate the
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2.1) Teacher Preparation for Implem
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3. Evaluating Impacts of Photosynth
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Figure 3.2 Survey Developmental Pro
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1.2) Advanced Photosynthesis Survey
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1. accessibility - is enabling the
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implementation of the teaching inte
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Table 3.4 Data Collection Program S
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students. The learning culture in t
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1. Surveys: Content Analysis Conten
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They were confirmed by the teachers
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CHAPTER IV THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS TEACH
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structures and functions of chlorop
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Therefore, this study focused on us
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from constructivism to socio0cultur
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Sub-stand 1: Living Things and Livi
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stroma. 5.3) Lists of Concept Propo
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c) Light independent (dark) phase
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Figure 4.1 Photosynthesis Concept M
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Lesson 1 ‘Plant food’, aimed to
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Lesson 5 ‘Light independent (dark
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Table 4.1 Photosynthesis Lesson Pla
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Table 4.1 Cont’d Lesson 3. Struct
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Table 4.1 Cont’d Lesson 5. Light
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Table 4.1 Cont’d Lesson 6. Studen
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After the researcher finished devel
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per a week, namely two 60-min perio
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always asked what she really did no
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schooling studying, she studied Phy
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B = blackboard C = instrument cupbo
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Forty nine percentages had partial
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for photosynthesis. Only seven perc
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Table 5.3 Correcting the Introducto
Page 153 and 154: Mrs. Engka: Right (confirmed). You
Page 155 and 156: structures might be a metaphor of u
Page 157 and 158: Table 5.4 Advanced Photosynthesis C
Page 159 and 160: In her planning for the nature of s
Page 161 and 162: participating in role play discussi
Page 163 and 164: 5.4) Principle IV: Enabling Student
Page 165 and 166: inside and outside teaching period.
Page 167 and 168: Activities 5.6) Principle VI: Encou
Page 169 and 170: 6. Summary of the Border School In
Page 171 and 172: 2. Background Information about Mr.
Page 173 and 174: Table 5.7 Mr. Vyn’s Students Sele
Page 175 and 176: Mr. Vyn had his own style of teachi
Page 177 and 178: 5. Mr. Vyn’s Implementation of th
Page 179 and 180: Mr. Vyn: …No. 4…mineral is plan
Page 181 and 182: The misconception that CO2, mineral
Page 183 and 184: Although the students incompletely
Page 185 and 186: model of chloroplast structure base
Page 187 and 188: undle-sheath cells. Both cells cont
Page 189 and 190: Table 5.9 Advanced Photosynthesis C
Page 191 and 192: However, there was no discussion ab
Page 193 and 194: change in term of application of ol
Page 195 and 196: 5.4) Principle IV: Enabling Student
Page 197 and 198: discussion. “The teacher always d
Page 199 and 200: photosynthesis e.g. dark phase. Als
Page 201 and 202: 2. Background Information about Mrs
Page 203: Table 5.12 Mrs. Amp’s Students Se
Page 207 and 208: misconceptions about plant food, pa
Page 209 and 210: The misconceptions about plant and
Page 211 and 212: Table 5.13 Correcting the Introduct
Page 213 and 214: percentages misunderstood that the
Page 215 and 216: Table 5.14 Advanced Photosynthesis
Page 217 and 218: One conception about science demand
Page 219 and 220: Table 5.15 The Nature of Science of
Page 221 and 222: Not only relating photosynthesis kn
Page 223 and 224: the book and summarized the concept
Page 225 and 226: Cross Case Studies: Implementation
Page 227 and 228: In case of the teachers e.g. Mrs. A
Page 229 and 230: students’ own views about plants
Page 231 and 232: CHAPTER VI SUMMARY, DISCUSSION AND
Page 233 and 234: 5. The students’ understanding of
Page 235 and 236: learning participation rarely appea
Page 237 and 238: the students to understand the rela
Page 239 and 240: the science project for environment
Page 241 and 242: ecause old knowledge was reinterpre
Page 243 and 244: Table 6.2 Learning Activities Sugge
Page 245 and 246: understandings about the light inde
Page 247 and 248: Therefore, this research suggested
Page 249 and 250: Amir, R. and P. Tamir. 1995. Propos
Page 251 and 252: Bell, B. 1998. Teacher development
Page 253 and 254: Campbell, N. and J. Reece. 2002. Bi
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Duit, R. and D. Treagust. 2003. Lea
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Govindjee, J., T. Beatty, and H. Ge
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Institute for the Promotion of Teac
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Lin, H. and C. Chen. 2002. Promotin
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Merriam, S. 1988. Case Study Resear
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Patton, M. 1990. Qualitative Evalua
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Smith, M. and L. Scharmann. 1999. D
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Von Glasersfeld, E. 1995. Radical C
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APPENDIX A: INTRODUCTORY PHOTOSYNTH
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1. Tick any of these items which ca
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6.5) Plants need carbohydrate for t
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APPENDIX B: ADVANCED PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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5. Tick any item (s) which you thin
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12. Here is a statement about plant
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