an innovative approach

chloroplasts and pigments, the light dependent (light) phase, the light independent
(dark) phase, and factors that affect the photosynthesis rate.
1. Teaching
Definitions of Terms
Teaching was defined as practices in the teaching process. It included
teaching planning, classroom organizing, conducting learning activities including
talking and interacting with the students, assessing students’ learning, and using
teaching materials. The practices would be revealed through classroom observations
and interviews with teachers and students.
2. Learning
Learning as understanding referred to students’ explanations and examples
about photosynthesis along with its relation to the environment and the nature of
science. Learning also included students’ ability of using photosynthesis knowledge
for environmental conservation and participating in learning activities. The learning
was probed through students’ writing in surveys and assignments, and conversations
in the interviews and in the classrooms along with performing classroom
observations.
3. Teaching Intervention
Teaching intervention included the photosynthesis teaching unit and two
surveys. The unit was aimed to promote students’ understanding of advanced
photosynthesis integrated with nature of science, and applying of photosynthesis
knowledge to environmental conservation. The unit comprised of seven lessons for
twelve 50-minute periods. Each lesson detailed learning outcomes, scientific
concepts, learning activities, materials, evaluation and anticipated student
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