an innovative approach

They were confirmed by the teachers. The useful data of transcript were selected,
quoted and acknowledged to support the findings of this study.
Trustworthiness is the level of honesty which the researcher provides to the
readers encouraging them to agree with the research findings (Lincoln and Guba,
1985). The trustworthiness is increased by enhancing credibility, dependability and
transferability (discussed in section of Validity, Reliability and Triangulation). In the
case of interview, this study used method triangulation, member checking and thick
descriptions increase the trustworthiness. The interview data also followed up the
survey and the observational data.
3. Observations: Interpretation, Reporting and Ethical Consideration
The observational data collected was written into a readable form with time,
descriptive, and comment columns. Whole reading of the three columns was used to
establish the beginning ideas, questions and ideas about which data was useful for this
study. Coding based on the researcher’s interpretation of the teaching and learning
situations was used to identify the key elements of the situations. An additional
column of the analysis was generated to describe what the researcher thought of the
coded situations in each study i.e. the three case studies, and then described the
analysis of each case study.
After providing the three case descriptions, a cross-case study was initiated to
find out the patterns of implementation of the intervention i.e. the lessons and what
the impacts of the intervention towards the eleventh grade students’ understandings of
photosynthesis are (Figure 3.3).
Summary
Research methods were designed to respond to the research questions which
were proposed to develop the teaching intervention and enhance the eleventh grade
students’ understanding of photosynthesis and evaluation of the impact of this
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