an innovative approach

planning would support teachers’ thorough understanding of the guiding principles
and that of integrating new teaching strategies with teaching and learning activities,
6. encouraging teachers to think of a way to reflect their own teaching
which would lead to improvement in their students’ learning,
intervention.
7. encouraging teachers to share their ideas in developing the
2.2) Teachers’ Roles
Using socio-cultural perspectives that social interactions in the
classroom are very important to support students’ learning (Sawyer, 2004).
Consideration of management for the interaction process, and the relationship
between teacher and student and among peers were part of the implementation of the
photosynthesis lessons. In implementing the lessons, each teacher had three roles:
1. considering how student groups learn and develop their conceptions,
and trying to encourage students to learn as a whole group, not just as individual
participants,
2. also facilitating group conversations or discussions that give
students freedom to creatively express their ideas for the construction of their own
knowledge, rather than asking known-answer questions and calling on specific
students,
3. along with facilitating a collaborative management of discussion
among students in whole class whenever different answers are proposed throughout
the discussion, does not evaluate any given answer, but keeps the flow of the
discussion.
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