an innovative approach

develop photosynthesis knowledge would be emphasized in group and classroom
discussion. The students were requested to answer all questions and play game in the
booklet. The game presented thirteen historical statements of photosynthesis
discovery. The students would categorize the statements into three aspects of science.
Lesson 3 ‘Structures and functions of chloroplast’ aimed to introduce the
importance of chloroplasts and photosynthetic pigments in photosynthesis, and to
demonstrate how scientific knowledge had been established in the contexts of the
scientists’ society. Historical jigsaw game was used to introduce the chloroplast.
Scientists’ pictures and statements would be chosen and rearranged to complete all
scientific ideas of simple photosynthesis process by the students. The historical
discovery of T.W. Engelmann would present the scientist’s data collection and
interpretation of the chloroplasts and the pigments, in the student booklet: Who had
discovered the chloroplast? Then, the students would be challenged to test pigments
of green plant leaves using experimentation with discussion. The relationships
between structures and functions of chloroplast would be summarized.
Lesson 4 ‘Light dependent (light) phase’ aimed to illustrate historical
change of scientific ideas of the light phase. Three pamphlets would tell the stories of
Cornelius Van Neil, Daniel Arnon, and Robin Hill. The students would identify the
products of the phase found by each scientist. The hypothesis, “whether free oxygen
(O2) came from water (H2O) or not”, was discussed using the story of Van Neil.
Light phase centers and the synthesis of ATP were discussed using the story of Daniel
Arnon. Water splitting, called photolysis and the Z-scheme producing NADPH was
discussed using the story of Robin Hill. In addition, this lesson aimed to promote
understanding of the current scientific view of the light phase (see Table 4.1). The
students would interpret the diagram of electron flow in photosystems, describe the
important roles of light, chlorophyll and water in the phase. Tenacity of working
scientists would also be discussed. Group discussion and concept mapping would be
used for the promotion of the scientific view.
112