Embedded Systems Design with the Atmel AVR Microcontroller Part II

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ABSTRACT This textbook provides practicing scientists and engineers an advanced treatment of the Atmel AVR microcontroller. This book is intended as a follow on to a previously published book, titled “Atmel AVR Microcontroller Primer: Programming and Interfacing.’’ Some of the content from this earlier text is retained for completeness. This book will emphasize advanced programming and interfacing skills. We focus on system level design consisting of several interacting microcontroller subsystems. The first chapter discusses the system design process. Our approach is to provide the skills to quickly get up to speed to operate the internationally popular Atmel AVR microcontroller line by developing systems level design skills. We use the Atmel ATmega164 as a representative sample of the AVR line. The knowledge you gain on this microcontroller can be easily translated to every other microcontroller in the AVR line. In succeeding chapters, we cover the main subsystems aboard the microcontroller, providing a short theory section followed by a description of the related microcontroller subsystem with accompanying software for the subsystem.We then provide advanced examples exercising some of the features discussed. In all examples, we use the C programming language. The code provided can be readily adapted to the wide variety of compilers available for the Atmel AVR microcontroller line. We also include a chapter describing how to interface the microcontroller to a wide variety of input and output devices. The book concludes with several detailed system level design examples employing the Atmel AVR microcontroller. KEYWORDS Atmel microcontroller, Atmel AVR, ATmega164, microcontroller interfacing, embedded systems design
6 Contents Acknowledgments...............................................................xiii Preface ..........................................................................xv Timing Subsystem ..............................................................137 6.1 Overview................................................................137 6.2 Timing related terminology ...............................................137 6.2.1 Frequency 137 6.2.2 Period 138 6.2.3 Duty Cycle 138 6.3 Timing System Overview .................................................138 6.4 Applications .............................................................141 6.4.1 Input Capture—Measuring External Timing Event 142 6.4.2 Counting Events 143 6.4.3 Output Compare—Generating Timing Signals to Interface External Devices 143 6.4.4 Industrial Implementation Case Study (PWM) 144 6.5 Overview of the Atmel Timers ............................................145 6.6 Timer 0 System ..........................................................146 6.6.1 Modes of Operation 148 6.6.2 Timer 0 Registers 149 6.7 Timer 1 .................................................................152 6.7.1 Timer 1 Registers 152 6.8 Timer 2 .................................................................156 6.9 Programming the Timer System ...........................................158 6.9.1 Precision Delay 158 6.9.2 Pulse Width Modulation 161 ix
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Author’s Biography STEVEN F. BARR
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296 INDEX switch debouncing, 187 sw
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Embedded Systems Design with the Atmel AVR Microcontroller Part II

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