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modern logistics: the managerial view represented by the SCM thinking and the network view are under consideration. Table 1. Differences between Managerial and Network Views Issue Managerial View/SCM INV Main Objective in Network Presence to manage to develop Strategic Decision Making Procedure Rational Organic Levels on Focus in Executive Multiple managerial le- Analysis vels Assets Tangible and Intangible Resources Relationships Boundaries of the Firms Clearly defined Dissolved / borderless - independency - interdependency - dependency Dominance One or two for a chain / Any actor in a net / net- system work Major Theoretical Markets or networks Markets as networks / Problem setting between markets and hierarchies Processes Sequential, linear in Non-linear, parallel, ma- chains/ channels trixed in extensions required networks and nets Typical Behavioural Res- to react / to proact / to to adjust / to adapt / to ponses adopt reflect/ to transmit Strategical Decisions Mainly due to rivalry Also for network change, dynamics and stability Knowledge Deployment Organisational teaching Mutual learning, open dissemination Intraorganisational Hierarchical: top–down Horisontal, cross- Decision Making Renewed hierarchical: functional bottom-up exposed to transparent info sharing Theoretical Simplification: systems - Complexification: dyadic Approach for Structures subsystems – networks Theoretical Ceteris Paribus- as- Context-bound- conside- Explanation Constrained by sumptionsrations 63
Researchers Role Interpretative, analytical Reflective, committed Epochal Period Industrial / Modern Postindustrial / Postmodern Analytical Scope From to / Controllable Impressionistic / Chaotic Driver for Better Performance Strategical thinking Strategizing actions Theoretical Mainly reductionist Reductionist and holistic: Applicability view: more universal more particular External Surrounding Environment represent- Rather context, identified ing actors; embeddedness faceless external forces prevalent Inevitably, table 1 absorbs out all the weaknesses of tight dualistic classification and hence it can not be appropriate in every detail. Consequently, these two distinctive views approach each other as figure 3 shows. SCM Network View/s Figure 3. Convergence of the Network Views in Logistics 64
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LAUREA PUBLICATIONS A•57 Markku N
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Copyright © author and Laurea Univ
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Foreword This publication is a comp
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The roots of network analysis can b
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Figure 1. Analytical Orientations i
Page 11 and 12: settings. Often the major objective
Page 13 and 14: Generally speaking, a grounded theo
Page 15 and 16: Evaluating the Limitations There ar
Page 17 and 18: general, the atmosphere should be e
Page 19 and 20: Annual NOFOMA 2005 Congress, Copenh
Page 21 and 22: ers. A triad is the smallest net th
Page 23 and 24: works. The term common carrier has,
Page 25 and 26: Coupling the infrastructural analys
Page 27 and 28: markets and hierarchies linked to g
Page 29 and 30: Concluding Discussion Modern logist
Page 31 and 32: Capineri, C.-Kamann, D -J.(1998) Sy
Page 33 and 34: Nikkanen, M.(2000) Comparing Networ
Page 35 and 36: Essay 1 Creation of Networks throug
Page 37 and 38: When interacting, the parties have
Page 39 and 40: other party are required (for more
Page 41 and 42: thiness gradually, first by awarene
Page 43 and 44: Figure 1. The Interactive Processes
Page 45 and 46: Furthermore, Holmlund (1996) has ca
Page 47 and 48: as most of the members of the netwo
Page 49 and 50: Conclusions One of the most importa
Page 51 and 52: Ford, D.- Håkanson, H.-Johanson, J
Page 53 and 54: Salmi, A. (1995) Institutionally Ch
Page 55 and 56: terfirm cohesion is under scrutiny,
Page 57 and 58: paradigm the examination relies mor
Page 59 and 60: With respect to scientific analysis
Page 61: smaller units of the entire supply
Page 65 and 66: ing illustration depicts graphicall
Page 67 and 68: analytical implications derived fro
Page 69 and 70: Nikkanen, M.,2003a, The Role of the
Page 71 and 72: transportation has been conventiona
Page 73 and 74: Among scientists in logistics there
Page 75 and 76: 1998). This is due to the fact that
Page 77 and 78: (exchange) relationship and how muc
Page 79 and 80: changing in time, which refers to e
Page 81 and 82: What comes to roles in particular,
Page 83 and 84: Integrator Particularly, the role o
Page 85 and 86: flection of the network identity. D
Page 87 and 88: Dissertation, University of Oulu, A
Page 89 and 90: ---- (1996b) The Network Approach i
Page 91 and 92: Introduction Intermodalism (IM) or
Page 93 and 94: Approaching Intermodal Freight Tran
Page 95 and 96: poral aspect of the concept, and em
Page 97 and 98: it rejects partly the question of e
Page 99 and 100: Empirical Evidence: Case VR Cargo R
Page 101 and 102: Identification of Roles In order to
Page 103 and 104: The role of the common carrier is a
Page 105 and 106: also trail runs for a new wagon typ
Page 107 and 108: tia influence the strategic decisio
Page 109 and 110: Nohria,N. (1992) Is a network persp
Page 111 and 112: trary’; there is no single object
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Figure 1: Network Structures Networ
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and psychological proximity; close
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sources and resource dependencies a
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creating collective identity (cogni
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nets as well. In the focal nets cre
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volvement of an integrator is incre
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Havila, V.,1996. International Busi
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Essay 6 Dealing with the Negative E
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obliged to work in a closer manner.
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Conflicts and power Many of the und
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fore the network reactions (transmi
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Conflict resolution in IFT Because
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Scope of behavioural responses In I
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Extending the explanation with co-c
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Conclusions In tightly bonded netwo
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Jary,J.and Jary,J. (1999) Dictionar
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(e.g. destruction and annihilation,
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Everything undergoes development an
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However, the theory is based on the
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The depth of the relationship and i
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eral success, some other actors per
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References Andersson, J.,Håkanson,
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Essay 8 Spatial Concerns in Logisti
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time space logistics theory social
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tool for studying the proximity bet
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sic elements of Piaget’s theory).
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In general, the adoption of new beh
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are often reinforced by closeness,
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APPENDIX 1 Newtonian-based Interpre
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Introduction The term common carrie
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predictable organisational behaviou
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Figure 3.1 Different approaches for
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lated that both the stability and d
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(because often imbalance in contain
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others. This means that all activit
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Normative Approach and Interpretati
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tions are primarily in focus (compa
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Repositioning The discussion indica
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ole of the common carrier. In liner
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Ford, D.,Gadde, L-E.,Håkanson,H.,L
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There has been growing interest rec
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