Who are you? - Emergency Brake

II
7
Seloose, 1998
8
Introductory part
Agathonos - Georgopoulou, 1983
9
Seloose, 1998
10
Bergeret, 1994
11
Seloose, 1998
Page 12
a)
b)
c)
a)
b)
c)
a)
b)
An attempt to define violence
display of power, depriving someone else of their emotional
needs, or a lack of love, and they function in order
to secure a feeling of safety from the aggressor 7,8 .
According to one classification, violence is divided into:
“primal” violence, which is experienced by an individual
during the first months of life and it affects the smooth
personal and social development of the individual 9 ;
“fundamental” violence, which originates from the
survival instinct and the need for acknowledgement
from other people, and it animates the violent force
for confrontation and conflict; but it may also be transformed
into a significant mobilizing force of human
agency and may even have some positive effects 10 ;
“reactive” violence, which is the result of traumatic
events, crises, stressful situations, which may cause
insecurity, fear, and anxiety, and have consequences
that will be experienced again in adolescence and postadolescence
– a period when the personality is formed.
These are experiences when individuals renegotiate
their points of reference and their significance, and they
may react with provocative attacks and hatred 11 .
According to a different classification stated in Selosse
(1998), violence may be:
Manifest-evident, such as behavioural violence, cruelty
or beatings. Or it may be less evident, which is usually
verbal, but equally as painful as the physical, and
develops mostly when there are inequalities in being
able to use and manipulate language.
Intimate, which is more benign, but more subtle and
nasty, and it utilizes mostly alienation, humiliation,
marginalization, and rejection.
Passive, which refers to indifference, denial of involvement,
limitation to “our own” interests and indifference
towards anything that threatens our tranquillity, our
societal or even just our personal comfort.
Finally, according to the distinction made by Courtecuisse
(1998), the sources of violence are recorded in different
fields:
Personal violence, which manifests in the family
environment. The adolescent responds to his/her
parents in his/her own way, but it’s important that
adults bring the young people face to face with the
reality of limits, without the adult resorting to violence,
thus violating himself/herself the limits and possibly
leading to escalating provocations.
Social violence, which is generative of equally violent
responses. Mainly, it consists of a pressure system,
which causes anxiety for the future and provokes a
series of responses – reactions, which sometimes take
the form of submission, sometimes of retreat, and
sometimes of rebellion.