Electronic Parts/Guidelines - infoHouse

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4.7.9 Recycling Specification IBM Engineering Specification 5897661 should be used to promote the use of materials which are recyclable and/or recycled. In addition to environmental concerns, consideration is given to material and container performance. The specification is available by contacting: Worldwide Distribution Engineering Services Department W29 P.O. BOX 12195 Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27709 The specification should be referenced on engineering drawings and on IBM purchase orders for cellulosic packaging materials which do not require specialized materials or certain performance requirements (Le. Cobb Test ratings). The document can also be used as an additional technical refer- ence for information about recycling and considerations affecting performance. 4.8 Polymeric (Plastic) Materials 4.8.1 Reclamation The recycling of post-consumer plastics is complicated by the great number of resin types and their incompatibility with one another. Most polymers do not mix, bond or adhere well to one another. MiXing of resin types can result in a product that has inferior physical properties including strength and durability. Scrap (Pre-Consumer) Reclamation: Plastic processors are in the best position to recycle plastics because they are assured of a source that is relatively clean, homogeneous and continuous. Post Consumer Reclamation: Postconsumer recycling of plastic materials is just beginning to occur in most countries. It is inhibited by: the need to separate plastics by resin type, - contamination, high collection costs due to low material density, insufficient and variable volume source for recyclable material. the use of heterogeneous resins in a single package 4.8.2 Commingled Plastics Plastic material that have not been separated by resin type is referred to as "C0n"ngled." Plastic recyclers receive the greatest amount for their waste material when it has been separated into its various plastic components (resins). When separation is deemed too costly, the mixture can be processed in its commingled state in one of two ways: I. cm"ngled plastics may be used for incineration. The most popular market for commingled plastics is waste-to-energy incineration as plastic materials contain a large BTU or fuel value. 2. Commingled plastics may be further processed in rudimentary applications where the second generation product is noncritical in nature. For molding applications, commingling between plastics is permitted only amongst specific polymers. For example, polyethylene and polypropylene can safely be substituted for one another in amounts as great as 15%. Polystyrene, conversely, is a very sensitive polymer and almost no commingling can be permitted. 34 Environmental Packaoino <strong>Guidelines</strong>
Secondary applications for C0n"ngled plastics are discussed in 4.9.8, "Products Made from Recy- cled Plastics" on page 38. 4.8.3 Plastics Separated by Resin Type In comparison to the C0r"ngled variety, plastic materials that have been separated by resin type (e.g. Polyethylene) represent a much greater resource; One which can be recovered through recycling. With proper quality controls, recycled post-consumer plastics perform as well as virgin plastics in most applications. 4.9 Plastic Recycling Process Plastic recycling typically combines fwd service and industrial materials of the same resin type and mechanically reduces material size into small pieces called fluff. These are then heated, and extruded, forming solid pellets. The recycled plastic resin is typically shipped to a molder who manu- factures durable products. These secondary produds are discussed in 4.9.8, "Products Made from Recycled Plastics" on page 38. 4.9.1 Plastic Recycling Aids Currently, there is not an established market for most post consumer plastics; Especially for industrial- type packagings. Post consumer reclamation is plagued by inefficient collection and distribution methods (primarily poor density) and contamination and separation of resins. 4.9.2 Plastic Coding System The Society of Plastics Industry (SPi) has developed a Coding system that identifies the commonly used plastic resins for the purpdse of recycling. Although originally designed to assist plastic bottle manufacturers, some industrial plastic manufacturers and users of plastic packaging have adopted use of the system to assist them with resin sortation for recycling. Following is a list of the codes. Popular plastic cushion packaging types are printed in boldtype M8tOrl.l Code IS0 1043-1 Acronym SPI Resln Number SPI Acronvm Polyethylene terephthalate PET 1 PFTE Highdensity polyethylene PE-HD 2 HDPE Vinyllpolyvinyl chloride PVC 3 V Lowdenstiy polyethylene PE-LD 4 LDPE Poluoronvlene PP 5 PP Polystyrene PS 6 PS Polyurethane (ester) PURS 7 . ... . . . . . . . . Polyurethane (ether) PEUR 7 Table 8. Plastic Resin Codes IBM has adopted a resin Coding system which has been derived from SPl's bottie Coding system. It is shown in Figure 6 on page 36 and is described in the paragraphs that follow. Recycling 35
Page 1: Electronic Products, Parts and Supp
Page 5 and 6: About this book This book has been
Page 7 and 8: How to use this manual online ' Thi
Page 9 and 10: . Contents About thls book ........
Page 11 and 12: 6.3.3 Evaluation Process for Reusab
Page 13 and 14: 1 .O Environmental Packaging Design
Page 15 and 16: 1.6 IBM Corporate Environmental Pol
Page 17 and 18: Number 139 November 29, 1900 Page 2
Page 19 and 20: 1.7 IBM Corporate Environmental Pos
Page 21 and 22: 2.0 Ozone Depleting Substances 2.1
Page 23 and 24: 3.0 Toxic Material Reduction 3.1 In
Page 25 and 26: dh ure 1. The Pulp and Paper Proces
Page 27 and 28: 3.3 Heavy Metals in Inks 3. Specify
Page 29 and 30: for example, must be shown to be sa
Page 31 and 32: Table 4 (Pam 1 of 2). Toxins in Pla
Page 33 and 34: 3.4.4 Recommendations It is recomme
Page 35 and 36: ' 4.0 Recycling 4.1 Introduction 4.
Page 37 and 38: 4.3 Recycling and the Economy other
Page 39 and 40: 4.6 Wooden materials Muff/-Meterla/
Page 41 and 42: Mlxed Paper: Mixed papers are gener
Page 43 and 44: 4.7.8 Guidelines for Recycled Fiber
Page 45: If part-specific artwork has not be
Page 49 and 50: of imprinting is preferred as this
Page 51: 2. Seat cushions 3. Tractor seats U
Page 54 and 55: 4.10.5 Recommendations Degradable a
Page 56 and 57: Compostabla: Unqualified claims of
Page 58 and 59: Material light-Weightlng: Material
Page 60 and 61: PackinglUse: This is the labor invo
Page 62 and 63: simple, to facilitate easy and fast
Page 64 and 65: chemically treated fibers is NOT RE
Page 66 and 67: Cost Comparlson: Compare the estima
Page 68 and 69: 7.4 Life-Cycle Inventory 7.4.1 Over
Page 70 and 71: 7.5.1 .I Resources: Corrugated cont
Page 72 and 73: ... Again, industry figures are una
Page 74 and 75: Alr Emlsslons: The industry ranges
Page 76 and 77: 4 Environmental Packaging Guldellne
Page 78 and 79: The introduction of a non-standard
Page 80 and 81: 68 Environmental Packanino liiiidol
Page 82 and 83: In the meantime. until these quanti
Page 84 and 85: use of new or different types of lo
Page 86 and 87: 74 Envlronmantal Packaging Guidelin
Page 88 and 89: Packaging Packaging Digest 650 S. C
Page 90 and 91: Earthworm (recycling programs) 186
Page 92 and 93: Semicycle (IC tubes, etc. recycling
Page 94 and 95: BALER a machine used to compress re
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COLLECTOR PARTICULATE Types: BAG-FI
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DIOXIN I. General term applied to a
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were mixed with the combustible mat
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HEAVY-MEDIA SEPARATOR a unit proces
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with the holocellulose which makes
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ORGANOCHLORINES term for over 300 c
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PUTRESCIBLE organic matter capable
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.. REPALLETIZATION the transfer of
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~ use of rubber tires as dock bumpe
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~~ (7) SOURCE SEPARATED RECYCLABLES
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stock when it has been graded and b
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Electronic Parts/Guidelines - infoHouse

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