7.8.1.0 - Force10 Networks

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Figure 77 illustrates the choices parameters BGP goes through to select the best path. The list following the illustration details the path selection criteria. Figure 77 BGP Best Path Selection Largest Weight No, or Not Resulting in a Single Route Highest Local Pref Locally Originated Path Shortest AS Path Lowest Origin Code Lowest MED Learned via EBGP A Single Route is Selected and Installed in the Forwarding Table Best Path selection details Lowest NEXT-HOP Cost Tie Breakers Short Cluster List from Lowest BGP ID Lowest Peering Addr 1. Prefer the path with the largest WEIGHT attribute. 2. Prefer the path with the largest LOCAL_PREF attribute. • Prefer the path that was locally originated via a network command, redistribute command or aggregate-address command. • Routes originated via the network or redistribute commands are preferred over routes originated via the aggregate-address command. 3. Prefer the path with the shortest AS_PATH (unless the bgp bestpath as-path ignore command is configured, then AS_PATH is not considered). The following criteria apply: • An AS_SET has a path length of 1, no matter how many ASs are in the set. 132 Border Gateway Protocol
• A path with no AS_PATH configured has a path length of 0. • AS_CONFED_SET is not included in the AS_PATH length. • AS_CONFED_SEQUENCE has a path length of 1, no matter how many ASs are in the AS_CONFED_SEQUENCE. 4. Prefer the path with the lowest ORIGIN type (IGP is lower than EGP, and EGP is lower than INCOMPLETE). 5. Prefer the path with the lowest Multi-Exit Discriminator (MED) attribute. The following criteria apply: • This comparison is only done if the first (neighboring) AS is the same in the two paths; the MEDs are compared only if the first AS in the AS_SEQUENCE is the same for both paths. • If the bgp always-compare-med command is entered, MEDs are compared for all paths. • Paths with no MED are treated as “worst” and assigned a MED of 4294967295. 6. Prefer external (EBGP) to internal (IBGP) paths or confederation EBGP paths. 7. Prefer the path with the lowest IGP metric to the BGP next-hop. 8. FTOS deems the paths as equal and does not perform steps 9 through 11 listed below, if the following criteria is met: • the IBGP multipath or EBGP multipath are configured (maximum-path command) • the paths being compared were received from the same AS with the same number of ASs in the AS Path but with different NextHops • the paths were received from IBGP or EBGP neighbor respectively 9. Prefer the path originated from the BGP router with the lowest router ID. For paths containing a Route Reflector (RR) attribute, the originator ID is substituted for the router ID. 10. If two paths have the same router ID, prefer the path with the lowest cluster ID length. Paths without a cluster ID length are set to a 0 cluster ID length. 11. Prefer the path originated from the neighbor with the lowest address. (The neighbor address is used in the BGP neighbor configuration, and corresponds to the remote peer used in the TCP connection with the local router.) After a number of best paths is determined, this selection criteria is applied to group’s best to determine the ultimate best path. In non-deterministic mode (the bgp non-deterministic-med command is applied), paths are compared in the order in which they arrive. This method can lead to FTOS choosing different best paths from a set of paths, depending on the order in which they were received from the neighbors since MED may or may not get compared between adjacent paths. In deterministic mode, FTOS compares MED between adjacent paths within an AS group since all paths in the AS group are from the same AS. Weight The Weight attribute is local to the router and is not advertised to neighboring routers. If the router learns about more than one route to the same destination, the route with the highest weight will be preferred. The route with the highest weight is installed in the IP routing table. FTOS Configuration Guide, version <strong>7.8.1.0</strong> 133
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FTOS Configuration Guide for ® the
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This chapter contains the following
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Enhanced Fan Tray: The enhanced fan
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• Management on page 8 • System
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System • SNMP OID for Interface O
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Contents New Features . . . . . . .
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Chapter 4 802.1X . . . . . . . . .
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Multi-Exit Discriminators (MEDs) .
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Chapter 13 Internet Group Managemen
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UDP Helper with Broadcast-all Addre
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Viewing Information Advertised by A
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Override Bootstrap Router Updates .
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Chapter 32 Remote Monitoring . . .
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Chapter 37 Storm Control. . . . . .
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Appendix A Standards Compliance . .
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Preface About this Guide Objectives
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The FTOS Command Line Interface (CL
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Figure 2 CLI Modes in FTOS EXEC EXE
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Table 2 FTOS Command Modes CLI Comm
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Obtaining Help Obtain a list of key
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Filtering show Command Outputs Filt
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Chapter 2 Getting Started This chap
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Configuring a Host Name The host na
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To configure a username and passwor
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Copying Files to and from the Syste
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Task Command Syntax Command Mode Sa
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Viewing Configuration Files Configu
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Chapter 3 Management Management is
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Task Command Syntax Command Mode Al
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Apply a Privilege Level to a Userna
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Send System Messages to a Syslog Se
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Display the Logging Buffer and the
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Synchronize log messages You can co
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Enable FTP server To enable the sys
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• Enable diagnostics on an SFM on
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To view diagnostic results, use the
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Step Task Command Syntax Command Mo
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A two types of locks can be set: au
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Page 81 and 82: Chapter 4 802.1X 802.1X is supporte
Page 83 and 84: Figure 38 RADIUS Frame Format Code
Page 85 and 86: Configuring 802.1X Configuring 802.
Page 87 and 88: Configuring Request Identity Re-tra
Page 89 and 90: • ForceUnauthorized an unauthoriz
Page 91 and 92: Figure 45 Configuring a Reauthentic
Page 93 and 94: In Figure 47 shows the configuratio
Page 95 and 96: Figure 49 Configuring an Authentica
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 5 IP Access Control Lists (
Page 99 and 100: • L3 ACL (ipv4acl): 6 • L2 ACL(
Page 101 and 102: In cases such as these, where class
Page 103 and 104: Figure 54 illustrates how the seq c
Page 105 and 106: To create a filter for TCP packets
Page 107 and 108: Established Flag The est (establish
Page 109 and 110: To view which IP ACL is applied to
Page 111 and 112: • To deny routes with a mask less
Page 113 and 114: Step Command Syntax Command Mode Pu
Page 115 and 116: Command Syntax Command Mode Purpose
Page 117 and 118: Create a route map Route maps, ACLs
Page 119 and 120: Example 1 Force10(conf)#route-map f
Page 121 and 122: To configure a set condition, use a
Page 123 and 124: Note: If the continue clause is con
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 6 Border Gateway Protocol B
Page 127 and 128: A stub AS is one that is connected
Page 129 and 130: Establishing a session Information
Page 131: BGP Attributes Routes learned via B
Page 135 and 136: An MED is a non-transitive attribut
Page 137 and 138: Next Hop The Next Hop is the IP add
Page 139 and 140: Figure 82 shows a scenario where Ro
Page 141 and 142: • SNMP set for BGP is not support
Page 143 and 144: Table 7 displays the default values
Page 147 and 148: The third line of the show ip bgp n
Page 151 and 152: Use the show ip bgp peer-group comm
Page 153 and 154: Use the show ip bgp neighbors comma
Page 157 and 158: To disable this feature, use the no
Page 159 and 160: Command Syntax Command Mode Purpose
Page 161 and 162: Filtering with Regular ExpressionFi
Page 163 and 164: Use these commands in the following
Page 165 and 166: Manipulate the COMMUNITY attribute
Page 167 and 168: Use the show ip bgp community comma
Page 169 and 170: Use the following command in the CO
Page 175 and 176: Use the following commands in the C
Page 177 and 178: To set dampening parameters via a r
Page 179 and 180: Change BGP timers Use either or bot
Page 181 and 182: Route map continue The BGP route ma
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Debugging BGP Use any of the comman
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Capturing PDUs Capture incoming and
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Figure 105 is a graphic illustratio
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Figure 107 Enable BGP - Router 2 R2
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Figure 109 Enable Peer Group - Rout
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Figure 111 Enable Peer Groups - Rou
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Chapter 7 Border Gateway Protocol B
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A stub AS is one that is connected
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Establishing a session Information
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BGP Attributes Routes learned via B
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• A path with no AS_PATH configur
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An MED is a non-transitive attribut
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Next Hop The Next Hop is the IP add
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Figure 122 shows a scenario where R
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• SNMP set for BGP is not support
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Table 10 displays the default value
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Step Command Syntax Command Mode Pu
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The third line of the show ip bgp n
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Use the show ip bgp peer-group comm
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Use the show ip bgp neighbors comma
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To disable this feature, use the no
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Command Syntax Command Mode Purpose
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Filtering with Regular ExpressionFi
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Use these commands in the following
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Manipulate the COMMUNITY attribute
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Use the show ip bgp community comma
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Use the following command in the CO
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Use the following commands in the C
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To set dampening parameters via a r
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Change BGP timers Use either or bot
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Route map continue The BGP route ma
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Debugging BGP Use any of the comman
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Capturing PDUs Capture incoming and
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Figure 145 is a graphic illustratio
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Figure 147 Enable BGP - Router 2 R2
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Figure 149 Enable Peer Group - Rout
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Chapter 8 Configuration Replace and
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You do not have to enable the archi
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Figure 158 Force10#configure replac
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Configuring Auto-archive Figure 162
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Figure 164 Viewing the Difference b
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Chapter 9 Dynamic Host Configuratio
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• Option 82 on page 281 • DHCP
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Enable DCHP snooping Step Task Comm
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Chapter 10 Force10 Service Agent Fo
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Designating an administrator email
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Each command in the procedure, abov
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Using FTSA for Event Handling The p
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4 5 6 contact-name name CONFIGURATI
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Table 13 shows the three preset tes
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The following tests are all configu
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Using the basic procedure presented
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• Message type 2: On system failo
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Figure 173 shows an example of the
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Using FTSA Show Commands The FTSA
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Chapter 11 GARP VLAN Registration P
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Enabling GVRP Globally Enable GVRP
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Chapter 12 High Availability High A
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Message 5 FTOS Version Incompatibil
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C-Series RPMs have one CPU, the CP.
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RPM synchronization Data between th
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On the C-Series, when a secondary R
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Pre-configuring a line card slot Yo
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Graceful Restart Graceful Restart i
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• Hot-lock IP ACLs (supported on
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If you do not have the proper boot
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View your cache boot configuration
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Chapter 13 IGMP version 1, version
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Figure 196 Leaving a Multicast Grou
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Figure 198 2 Interface Multicast Gr
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Viewing IGMP Enabled Interfaces Int
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Adjusting the IGMP Querier Timeout
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Enabling IGMP Immediate-leave Confi
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Chapter 14 Interfaces This chapter
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Overview of Layer Modes On all syst
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Configuration Task List for Physica
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Configuring Layer 3 mode By assigni
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To configure IP addresses on a Mana
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To assign an IP address, use the fo
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With this feature, the user can cre
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The port channel is now enabled and
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Figure 216 Error Message Force10(co
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Configure the minimum oper up links
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Balancing may be applied to IPv4, s
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Hash algorithm The load-balance com
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Create a single-range Figure 219 Cr
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To show the defined interface-range
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Figure 226 Command Example: monitor
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• This feature is not supported o
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• Link dampening can be applied t
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The globally assigned 48-bit Multic
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Configuring MTU Size on an Interfac
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Setting speed and duplex mode of Et
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Figure 235 Setting Auto-Negotiation
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Figure 238 Configuring Rate Interva
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Clearing interface counters The cou
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Chapter 15 IP Addressing IP Address
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To assign an IP address to an inter
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To view the configured routes, use
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Enable dynamic resolution of host n
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ARP FTOS uses two forms of address
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2. Configure a broadcast address on
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UDP Helper with Broadcast-all Addre
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Packet 2 is sent from a host on VLA
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Chapter 16 IPv6 Introduction This c
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• Prefix Renumbering - Useful in
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The Payload Length limit of 2 bytes
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01 Discard the packet. 10 Discard t
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Implementing IPv6 with FTOS FTOS su
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Feature and/or Functionality First
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Figure 257 MTU Discovery Path Sourc
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• PIM in Source Specific Multicas
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Figure 260 Command Example: show ca
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Assign a Static IPv6 Route IPv6 Sta
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Figure 262 illustrates the show ipv
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Clear IPv6 Routes Use the clear IPv
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Chapter 17 Link Aggregation Control
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FTOS supports LAGs in the following
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Set the LACP long timeout PDUs are
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Step Task Command Command Mode 2 Cr
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Configure LACP to be hitless using
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Figure 279 Inspecting Configuration
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Summary of the configuration on ALP
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Figure 283 Using the show interface
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Figure 285 Using the show lacp Comm
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Chapter 18 Layer 2 Layer 2 features
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This section has the following sub-
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Task Command Syntax Command Mode Sh
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Figure 288 Far-end Failure Detectio
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Configuring FEFD You can configure
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Figure 293 Debug FEFD packets displ
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Chapter 19 Link Layer Discovery Pro
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Figure 296 Organizationally Specifi
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• storing the information that en
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Figure 298 TLV Type (127) The appli
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Important Points to Remember • LL
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Step Task Command Command Mode * No
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Figure 305 Viewing All Information
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Configuring Transmit and Recieve Mo
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Figure 309 debug lldp detail—LLDP
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Table 43 LLDP System MIB Objects TL
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Chapter 20 Multiple Spanning Tree P
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4. Create Multiple Spanning Tree In
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Figure 313 Viewing MSTP Port States
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Figure 315 Viewing the MSTP Region
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Task Command Syntax Command Mode Ch
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Figure 319 Router 1 Running-configu
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Figure 321 Router 3 Running-configu
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Figure 323 Displaying BPDUs and Eve
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Chapter 21 Multicast Features This
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Limit the Number of Multicast Route
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Rate Limit IGMP Join Requests If yo
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Prevent a PIM Router from Processin
Page 507 and 508:
Tune the Central Scheduler for Mult
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Chapter 22 Network Time Protocol Ne
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Configure NTP broadcasts With FTOS,
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Configure a source IP address for N
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_ls Chapter 23 Open Shortest Path F
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Areas allow you to further organize
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Figure 336gives some examples of th
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Link-State Advertisements (LSAs) A
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Cost is a numbered rating 1-65535.
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Multi-Process OSPF (OSPFv2, IPv4 on
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OSPF Adjacency with Cisco Routers T
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Use these commands on one of the in
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Message 15 If you try to enable mor
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OSPF, by default, sends hello packe
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Use the following command in the RO
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Command Syntax Command Mode Usage N
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Use the show config command in CONF
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Command Syntax Command Mode Usage g
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Filter routes To filter routes, use
Page 545 and 546:
Troubleshooting OSPFv2 FTOS has sev
Page 547 and 548:
Use the following command in EXEC P
Page 549 and 550:
Enable IPv6 Unicast Routing Command
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Configure Passive-Interface Use the
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Troubleshooting OSPFv3 FTOS has sev
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Basic OSPFv2 Router Topology The fo
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Chapter 24 PIM Sparse Mode PIM Spar
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the RP to remove the outgoing inter
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Figure 358 Viewing the PIM Multicas
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Figure 359 Configure S, G Expiry ti
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Figure 361 Electing a Rendezvous Po
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If a graceful-restart capable route
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Chapter 25 PIM Source Specific Mode
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Implementation Information • The
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Figure 366 R2(conf )#do show ip pim
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Chapter 26 Power over Ethernet Powe
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Enabling PoE on a Port PoE is disab
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Table 51 describes the fields that
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Manage Power Priorities PoE-enabled
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When a failed PSU is replaced and t
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Figure 376 LLDP Configuration for O
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Step Task Command Command Mode 1 Cr
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Chapter 27 Port Monitoring Port Mon
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Port Monitoring on C-Series and S-S
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Figure 385 Port Monitoring Configur
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Flow-based Monitoring Flow-based Mo
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Chapter 28 Private VLANs FTOS 7.8.1
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Private VLAN Commands The commands
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Creating a Primary VLAN A primary V
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Figure 390 Configuring VLANs for a
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• show vlan private-vlan mapping:
Page 607 and 608:
Chapter 29 Per-VLAN Spanning Tree P
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To configure hello-time, use the co
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The following command configures th
Page 615 and 616:
To disable PVST+ priority on a part
Page 617 and 618:
Per-Port BPDU Block As detailed in
Page 619 and 620:
Chapter 30 Quality of Service Quali
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Table 57 FTOS Support for Port-base
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Figure 415 Configuring dot1p Priori
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Display how your rate limiting conf
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Figure 423 Using the Order Keyword
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FTOS Behavior: An explicit “deny
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Set a DSCP value for egress packets
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Specify WRED drop precedence Specif
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• You cannot apply an input Layer
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Create WRED Profiles To create a WR
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Allocating Bandwidth to Multicast Q
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Chapter 31 Routing Information Prot
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• Generate a default route on pag
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Control RIP routing updates By defa
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Figure 432 shows an example of the
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Summarize routes Routes in the RIPv
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Configuring RIPv2 on Core 2 Figure
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RIP Configuration on Core 3 Figure
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RIP Configuration Summary Figure 44
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Chapter 32 Remote Monitoring Remote
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Set rmon alarm To set an alarm on a
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The following example shows the rmo
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Chapter 33 Rapid Spanning Tree Prot
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Verify that an interface is in Laye
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View the interfaces participating i
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R1#show spanning-tree rstp Root Ide
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• Max-age is the length of time t
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Verify that EdgePort is enabled on
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Chapter 34 Security Security featur
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Configure Accounting of EXEC and pr
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Configure AAA Authentication login
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Server-side configuration TACACS+:
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Configure the enable password comma
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Figure 460 Configuring a Custom Pri
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RADIUS Authentication and Authoriza
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To view the configuration of RADIUS
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Figure 462 Failed Authentication Fo
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To view the TACACS+ configuration,
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Figure 464 Specifying an SSH versio
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Figure 466 Enabling SSH Password Au
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VTY Line and Access-Class Configura
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To apply a MAC ACL on a VTY line, u
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Chapter 35 sFlow Configuring sFlow
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Enable and Disable sFlow By default
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Show sFlow on a Line Card Use the f
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For example, if Gig 1/0 and 1/1 are
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Important Points to Remember • Th
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Chapter 36 Simple Network Managemen
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View your SNMP configuration, using
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To configure system contact and loc
Page 723 and 724:
Table 70 Force10 Enterprise-specifi
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The relevant MIBs for these functio
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Note: In Unix, enter the command sn
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Force10 provides additional MIB Obj
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Assign a VLAN Alias Write a charact
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Figure 498 shows the output for an
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Chapter 37 Storm Control Storm Cont
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Chapter 38 Spanning Tree Protocol S
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Configuring Interfaces for Layer 2
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Verify that Spanning Tree is enable
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Adding an Interface to the Spanning
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The default values are listed in Ta
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FTOS Behavior: BPDU Guard and BPDU
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Chapter 39 Upgrade Procedures Findi
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Chapter 40 VLAN Stacking The Stacka
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Single-Tag and Untagged Support on
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Configuring a VLAN-Stack access por
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Setting the protocol type for VLAN-
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Figure 517 VLAN-Stack Network Examp
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E1200-2 Configuration E1200-2 Confi
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Making a hybrid port a trunk port a
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Customer Port A Configuring VLAN-St
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Port 13/47 is noted as a trunk port
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Chapter 41 Virtual Router Redundanc
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VRRP Benefits With VRRP configured
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To enable a Virtual Router, use the
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Configure a Virtual IP address with
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Configure the VRRP Group’s priori
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Since preempt is enabled by default
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The sum of all the costs for all tr
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Figure 544 Configure VRRP Router 2
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Chapter 42 C-Series Debugging and D
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Table 78 FTOS Link Monitoring Syslo
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Table 81 Poll Manager Syslog Messag
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— CP trace log file (look for a f
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1. Use the show environment command
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When the trace messages are being s
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debug Commands The debug command tr
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Monitoring CPU and Memory Usage via
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Table 89 SNMP Traps and OIDs OID St
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• The complete diagnostics test s
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Figure 560 Viewing Offline Diagnost
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Bringing the Line Card Online Bring
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Deciding Whether to Tune Buffers Fo
Page 811 and 812:
Figure 564 Displaying Buffer Profil
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Sample Configurations The two gener
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Appendix A Standards Compliance Thi
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1027 Using ARP to Implement Transpa
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OSPF FTOS support, per platform RFC
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2571 An Architecture for Describing
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MIB Location Force10 MIBs are under
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Numerics 10/100/1000 Base-T Etherne
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display parameter 42 distribution a
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changing value for a router 168, 24
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configuration requirements 686 conf
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IP address of VLAN-Stack VLAN 765 V
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