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The Congressof Vienna, 1814-1815. Metternich is seatedin the leftforeground,Castlereaghto the left of centerforeground,
Talleyrand is at right.
The Holy Alliance gave Austria the mandate to London, George Canning himself went so far as to
brutally put down the insurrection in Naples and the stand up at a banquet and toast the American ambas-
Piedmont. The French were given the Holy mandate sador:
against Verona in 1822 and the task of restoring
Ferdinand VII in Spain. The French Bourbons also The force of blood again prevails, and the daughvowed
to stamp out revolution in South America. ter and the mother stand together against the
In Greece, the situation was more complicated world!
because both the Holy Alliance and the British partially
backed the Greek revolutionaries and spread the Canning began making overtures and then ultiferment
as a'way of carving up the Ottoman Empire. matums to President Monroe and Secretary of State
In each instance, the British promoted local Robes- Adams that America should issue a joint declaration
pierres or Khomeinis against Lafayette's networks,
with England, or else!
Britain's trap for the Lafayette, Adams, and Mon-
American Revolution or French Terror? roe networks had a razor's double edge. In exchange
Against the interventionistpolicy of the Holy Alliance, for British backing of the Spanish Constitutionalists
the second radical face of British policy was upgraded against Ferdinand VII' the "revolutionaries" were
from covert operations to official policy status, prepared to "cede" Cuba, and perhaps Puerto Rico,
George Canning replaced Viscount Castlereagh as to England. George Canning threatened to land
Britain's foreign minister in 1822, and Canning British naval forces in Cuba to "protect" the liberaplayed
the now public charade of sympathy for liberal tion, at the same time that Britain invited America to
movements against despotism. Simultaneously, the issue a joint doctrine based on the Edinburgh Review
evil crowd of the Edinburgh Review grouped around policy.
the sodomist Jeremy Bentham and Lord Shelbourne The real intentions of a British naval force desurfaced
in much the same way that Ramsey Clark ployed to Cuba were not hard to read in Washington.
emerged as the promoter of Khomeini in 1979.
In May 1820 the Edinburgh Review published a The Monroe Doctrine
policy document proposing that the United States John Quincy Adams, James Monroe and General
should unite with the liberals of Great Britain in Lafayette returned to the policy formulations of
support of liberty in Spain, France, and Italy. In George Washington's famous Farewell Address of
10 June 1980 / CAMPAIGNER