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Publikation 2 Qs/Qt (Fig. 3) in comparison to groups INH and EPI. Tidal volume (V T ) of Group INH gradually increased in the course of the surgery from 0.27 to 0.33 L (data not shown). Table 2 and Figure 3 near here Mean body temperatures in all groups decreased over the course of anaesthesia, whereby the temperature drop of calves of the Group INH was significantly greater compared to groups INJ and EPI. This difference was sustained until 60 minutes after the operation (Table 2). 32
Publikation 2 Discussion All three anaesthetic regimes investigated in this study were suitable for umbilical surgery in calves. However, according to VAS assessment, most nociceptive responses to all stages of surgical intervention occurred during ketamine based injection anaesthesia. Ketamine, as dissociative anaesthetic agent, is known to induce good somatic, yet poor visceral analgesia (Carroll & Hartsfield 1996). The overt responses to exploration of the abdominal cavity in the calves might be a reflection of this, even though it was used in combination with xylazine. Monitoring of anaesthetic depth in ketamine based injection anaesthesia is difficult because protective reflexes are maintained and often the occurrence of purposeful movements is the only parameter indicating inadequate depth of anaesthesia. In the current study, ketamine re-doses were often necessary ahead of schedule and it was difficult to accomplish a constant level of anaesthesia. Respiratory depression after IV redosing of ketamine, as seen in all calves in this study, have also been described by other authors (Lin 1996; Carroll & Hartsfield 1996) and may, in the extreme cases of respiratory arrest, lead to severe problems in the field situation, especially if the surgeon has no qualified assistance. Regional anaesthesia like epidural anaesthesia represents a type of local anaesthesia without any influence on consciousness. Even though epidurally administered xylazine exerts some systemic effects owing to the absorption of the drug through the longitudinal epidural veins and possibly the lymphatics (Lee et al. 2001), sedative or hypnotic effects are only mild. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish 33
Page 1 and 2: Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
Page 3: Meinen Eltern
Page 6 and 7: Abkürzungsverzeichnis A.a. a Abb.
Page 8 and 9: p a CO 2 arterieller Kohlendioxidpa
Page 10 and 11: Einleitung der geringe Wert des Ein
Page 12 and 13: Einleitung Naturgemäß können Tie
Page 14 and 15: Einleitung abdominalchirurgische Ei
Page 16 and 17: Einleitung Im Rahmen von Studien zu
Page 18 and 19: Literatur ENDENBURG, N., HARDIE, E.
Page 20 and 21: Literatur MATHEWS, K. A. (2000) Pai
Page 22 and 23: Literatur RINGS, D. M. & MUIR, W. W
Page 24 and 25: Publikation 1 Abstract The study de
Page 26 and 27: Publikation 2 Abstract Objective To
Page 28 and 29: Publikation 2 Introduction Abdomina
Page 30 and 31: Publikation 2 water. Daily clinical
Page 32 and 33: Publikation 2 solution (37°C) at a
Page 34 and 35: Publikation 2 Measured parameters A
Page 36 and 37: Publikation 2 • alveolar oxygen t
Page 38 and 39: Publikation 2 set intraoperative pr
Page 42 and 43: Publikation 2 whether movement by t
Page 44 and 45: Publikation 2 resulting from proced
Page 46 and 47: Publikation 2 As in this study the
Page 48 and 49: Publikation 2 can definitely be reg
Page 50 and 51: Publikation 2 REFERENCES: Amory H,
Page 52 and 53: Publikation 2 Hogan QH, Stadnicka A
Page 54 and 55: Publikation 2 Meyer H, Starke A, Ke
Page 56 and 57: Publikation 2 Stanek B, Schwarz M,
Page 58 and 59: Publikation 2 Figures b 30 INH INJ
Page 60 and 61: Publikation 2 SaO 2 [%] 105 100 95
Page 62 and 63: Publikation 2 Group Stand Parameter
Page 64 and 65: Publikation 3 Publikation 3: Case r
Page 66 and 67: Publikation 3 rates, as well as bod
Page 68 and 69: Publikation 3 On sagittal and trans
Page 70 and 71: Publikation 3 formation of internal
Page 72 and 73: Publikation 3 blood flow 15 caused
Page 74 and 75: Publikation 3 flushing with hepatin
Page 76 and 77: Publikation 3 References: 1. Offing
Page 78 and 79: Publikation 3 70
Page 80 and 81: Publikation 3 Figure 2: Spinal cord
Page 82 and 83: Publikation 3 Figure 4: Arteria spi
Page 84 and 85: Übergreifende Diskussion Basierend
Page 86 and 87: Übergreifende Diskussion Basalwert
Page 88 and 89: Übergreifende Diskussion diesen Ti
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Übergreifende Diskussion Aortenpun
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Literatur KOCHS, E., BLANC, I., WER
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Zusammenfassung Jennifer Offinger (
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Zusammenfassung signifikanter Ansti
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Summary applied to monitor intraope
Page 100 and 101:
Danksagungen An erster Stelle gilt
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