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Figure 8.8: Long Valley Dam and Lake Hughes #4 (Scaled PGA = 0.29g) Response Spectra Compared to the
Magnitude 6.2 East Bank Crustal Earthquake on Rock....................................................................156
Figure 8.9: UCSC and LA City Terrace (Scaled PGA = 0.38g) Response Spectra Compared to the Magnitude 7.0
East Bank Crustal Earthquake on Rock............................................................................................156
Figure 8.10: Shear Wave Velocity Profile at Location 4E .......................................................................................157
Figure 8.11: Variation of G/G max versus Cyclic Shear Strain as a Function of Soil Plasticity for Normally and
Overconsolidated Soils .....................................................................................................................158
Figure 8.12: Variation of G/G max versus λ versus Cyclic Shear Strain for Cohesionless Soils.................................159
Figure 8:13: Response Spectrum for Ground Surface Motions at Location 4E........................................................160
Figure 8.14: Computed Profile of Peak Ground Acceleration for Scaled Long Valley Dam Bedrock Motion at
Location 4E ......................................................................................................................................161
Figure 8.15: Equivalent Uniform Shear Stress Profile for Scaled Long Valley Dam Bedrock Motion
at Location 4E...................................................................................................................................161
Figure 8.16: Time Histories Computed for Scaled Long Valley Dam Bedrock Motion at Location 4E..................162
Figure 8.17: Cyclic Stress Ratio Profile for the Magnitude 6.2 Earthquakes ...........................................................164
Figure 8.18: Comparison of Cyclic Resistance Ratio Profiles for the Magnitude 6.2 Earthquakes .........................167
Figure 8.19: Factor of Safety Against Liquefaction (FS L ) Profiles for Magnitude 6.2 Earthquakes ........................169
Figure 8.20: Cross-Section Illustrating Layers Susceptible to Liquefaction for Magnitude 8.5 Earthquake............170
Figure 8.21: Newmark Displacements versus Factor of Safety for Magnitude 6.2 Time Histories
at Elevation 1.5 m (5 ft)....................................................................................................................174
Figure 8.22: The Numerical Model Soil Layering and Grid.....................................................................................179
Figure 8.23: Locations Where Displacements were Calculated in Numerical Model Analyses...............................180
Figure 8.24: Schematic Illustration of Shallow and Deep-seated Failure Surfaces. .................................................182
Figure 8.25: Cross Section of the Columbia River Levee with Two Cases of Soil Improvement............................185
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