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6.9 6.10 6.1 1 6.72 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.2+ 6.25 6.26 6.27 6.28 Radon transfolm of ERS-1 SAR clata . . . 131 Plot of uaxirnum arnplitr-rcle of Raclon transform velsus algle . 134 Plot of rlaxirnum amplitucle of Raclon transfot'm velsus angle . 135 Moclel test for collelation thlough the Radon transfoln'r: input clata . . .747 Moclel test for collelation through the Radon transfoul: reference ternplate ,....142 Moclel test for couelation thlough the Raclon tLansform: output144 Ailborne C-l¡ancl SAR clata frorn the Wekusko Lake area . . . 145 The reference hypelbola fot corlelation . . . 146 Couelation output thlough the Foulier transfolm approach . . 148 Correlation output through the Radon transfolrn apploach l49 Additive images with factols ¿:1,0 alcl ¿r:1.0. . .. ....154 Aclclitive irnages with factors ¿: 0.75 ancl ó: 0.75 , . . . . . 155 Subtractive images with factors ¿:0.5 . . .....156 Sul¡tractive images with facto-,-s ¿:0.4. . ..,..157 Directional clerivative convolution tnask . .....160 Image obtainecl through clirectional clerivative plocess (d : +43") ......i6i Image obtained througli clirectional delivative process (á : -26") ......162 The PCA first component image of two data sets , , . . . 165 The PCA first cornponent irnage of thlee clata sets . . . . . 168 Maximum arnplitucle of the Raclor transfou¡ velsus slope . . . 169 x!1
List of Tables 2,1 Seasat SAR sensor chalacteristics 17 2.2 SIR-A ancl SIR-B sensor charactelistics 19 2.3 SIR-C instrurnert characteristics ...... 21 2.4 ERS-I payloacl instluments and theil rleasurernent . . . . . . 24 2.5 Geophysical measurements and ÐRS-1 pelforrnance parameters 25 2.6 ÐRS-1 SAR performance requilernents . . . 26 2.7 JÐRS-1 orbit pararneters .....28 2.8 Specifications of JERS-I SAR system . . . . 29 2.9 Characteristics o{ OPS ol JÐRS-1 . .....30 2.10 Radarsat olbit parametels ...... 31 2.11 Specifications of Raclarsat SAR .. ..... 32 2.12 Radalsat imaging modes .... 33 5.1 Specifications of CCRS's C/X-band ailborne SAR . . Moclel palametels {or cligital sirnulations 91 92 6.1 o.z Exanrples of Raclon tlansfolnr pair' Cou'elation coefficielt of the CCRS's ailborne ancl the ERS-1 SAR clata 721 166 xlll
Page 1 and 2: INVERSION OF SYNTHETIC APERTUR,E R,
Page 3 and 4: ñr^-- ltoN. J00NG suN '¿i¡r"r os
Page 5 and 6: I heleby declale that I am tlie sol
Page 7 and 8: plot of the maximum amplitude of th
Page 9 and 10: Contents Abstract Acknowledgements
Page 11 and 12: 6.3.1 Introduction ..151 6.3.2 Digi
Page 13: 5.1 Florv chart fot the proposecl i
Page 17 and 18: List of Notations cr squint angle P
Page 19 and 20: tist of Abbreviatíons SAR Syntheti
Page 21 and 22: The objectives of this thesis rnay
Page 23 and 24: Ground Range l;l 2 sin0 Figure 1.2:
Page 25 and 26: ol'cler to evaluate its full aclvan
Page 27 and 28: algolithrn extlacts the complex bac
Page 29 and 30: successful as expected. Thele ale,
Page 31 and 32: eú ø1. [103]). Similal clevelopme
Page 33 and 34: aerial plìotogl'aphy ovel the area
Page 35 and 36: 2.2 Spaceborne SAR Systems 1) SEASA
Page 37 and 38: tlie basis of a distinctive dlainag
Page 39 and 40: set fol selectecl aleas, useful for
Page 41 and 42: 3) ERS-I The first European rernote
Page 43 and 44: Table 2.4: ERS-I Ðieterle [104]).
Page 45 and 46: Table 2.6: ERS-1 SAR pelfolmance re
Page 47 and 48: Table 2.7: JtrRS-1 olbit pararnetel
Page 49 and 50: Table 2.9: Chalactelistics of OPS o
Page 51 and 52: Table 2.11: Specifications of Racla
Page 53 and 54: Chapten 3 Review of Digital SAR Pro
Page 55 and 56: ,I Figule 3.1: Raclar' L¡earn geom
Page 57 and 58: I L-=J}"no Figure 3.2: Geouretry fo
Page 59 and 60: vhich is the clistance across the a
Page 61 and 62: vlrere ø6 is a angular center fi'e
Page 63 and 64: à1 äl (a) /1T. or^l - r+ (b) I à
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a,pploxirnated by l2p sinl(I - ltl)
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-s(cu) is rewlitten as s@¡ - !"-,r
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cliscussecl later il this sectio¡r
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Ïon = _2 (V(ro) .V(¿o)+ R(ro) .A(
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: Range Walk : Range Curvatule : Ra
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olbital SAR is given by Ion = -'#{t
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is constant cluling the receiving p
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a at f¡r
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'rvith a foulula developed il this
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Chapter 4 Theoretical Development 4
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developed and cliscussed by several
Page 87 and 88:
vhere u (r,ro; u) : I U 1r,ro,t)e-i
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wheÌe k':frf a¡cl lc -_ uf us ant
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4) there is relative motion of ante
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o =løo, 0, 0) Figure 4.1: Schemati
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elorv that sulface. In genetal, sul
Page 97 and 98:
4.4 The Inversion The equation Eq.(
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*'here % is a platfolrn velocity an
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The trq.(a.36) cannot be used dilec
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vhele Àl is a tvavenurnbel collesp
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2-D FFT o(,b,;ø) Intelpolation in
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¡nE 0$r-sEc, ¡3 I IrlÊ [18- 5EC
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5.2 Digital Simulation Digital sirn
Page 111 and 112:
Table 5.2: Moclel palametels fol di
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signal and the leconstructe
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(3 È. e tc o) o -tl a Slant Range
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that the inversiol method can accor
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(n t0 Ê) 0c (lr) Figure 5.6: Seasa
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5.3 Processing of Real SAR Data A s
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squâre pixel rvith clir¡ension of
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Aziurutì (n Þ !d !D gc Figule 5.1
Page 127 and 128:
(n 5 F Þ tq Figu.e 5.11: Reconst.u
Page 129 and 130:
over tlìe 2.4 inches as shol¡l i'
Page 131 and 132:
Ø Þ :J m (a) (b) ^a ctl _= a"r ro
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Chapter 6 SAR fmage Enhancement for
Page 135 and 136:
1) hoiv can the tlends of lineament
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6.2 Determination of Geological Str
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Coolclinates for the image space an
Page 141 and 142:
Figure 6.2: Point, lines, and hyper
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scatteter (e.g. coller leflectols,
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Figure 6.5: CCRS's airboure C-band
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C-l¡ancl SAR irnagery ovel this al
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Figure 6.8: Radon transform of ailb
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in the irnage space ancl the Iine i
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ERS- 1 N U 0 rl 0o |lO + ,¡l r.l p
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6.2,3 Correlation Using The Radon T
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Since the inside of the squale blac
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Figule 6.12: Model test for correla
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thlough the Radon tlansfolm is shor
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Figure 6.15: Airborne C-band SAR da
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distinct points can be cliscelnerl
Page 168 and 169:
Figure 6.18: Correlation output thr
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6.3 Merging of Multiple SAR Image D
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in Figure 6.19 tvhich is a clilect
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Figure 6.20: Additive irnages rvith
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Figule 6.22: Subtractive images rvi
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(1) select a clirection to be enhan
Page 180 and 181:
Figure 6.24: Lnage obtained through
Page 182:
6.3.4 Principal Components Analysis
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Table 6.2: Con'elation coeffrcielt
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Figure 6.27: The PCA frrst componen
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the geological surface lilearrent f
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ackscatte.i'g coefficiert can be cl
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Appendices A. Derivation of Forward
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B. Derivation of Inversion Formula
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C. Derivation using the Method of S
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F[eferences [1] Ahmed, S., \Vallen,
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[20] Curlis, J.D,, Flost, V.S., Del
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[43] Holn, R., 1988, E-SAR - The ex
Page 205 and 206:
[65] Lotrelrl, O., 1990, Dopplel ce
Page 207 and 208:
[87] Pye, 8.G., Nalch'ett,4.J., anc
Page 209:
[111] \,Vu, C., Balkan,8., I(arplus
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