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ternplate which leplesents the cornplex pulse retu-,-ns receivecl frorri a point scatterel at a specifiecl location. Although this apploach utilizes /-å domain opelations for fast trvo-clirnensiolal collelation, it is only an extended velsion of the conventional SAR lxocessing approach. Two othel more recent approaches are rlore distillct in the coltext of the /-ß clornain processing. Rocca el a/. [96] have showed sirnilar.ities betrveer reflection seisrnic sulvey and SAR data acquisition configuration, and developecl a SAR plocessing algorithm utilizing /-À clonain processing. This approach is based on the seismic rniglation theory. Raney and Vachon [92] also clevelopecl a phase-preserving SAR processol by exploiting the phase shifts in the /-È domain solely fi'om the analysis of the SAR systern theoly. Although, the al¡ove two apploaches startecl fi'om quite difelent points of view with respect to SAR signal data, both appi-oaches úilize f-k clornain plocessing ancl have ploved its aclvantages over the conventional range-Dop¡tler domain processors. The key to the success of these apploaches lies in the fact that a small acljustnent of the phase in the /-É donain achieves the r.angecurvature collection rvithout significantly clisturbing the range ol azimuth focus. Development of a new SAR processing approach in this thesis is motivatecl by the successful application leportecl in the seismic rniglation lesearch desclibed by Rocca et al. 1961. Unlike the seisrnic migration appr.oach, the nerv SAR processing approach in this thesis is, horvever, based on an inveLse scatteling theory. Specifically irversion of the SAR irnage clata is folmulatecl in similal fashion to the seismic Boln i¡version method rvhich has l¡eell 65
developed and cliscussed by several authols such as Cohen ancl Bleistein [17] [18], Bleistein [10], Clieng alcl Coen [16], Bleistein et al. 1711, and \4/enzel [107]. While the Boln inversion theoty plovides a rnathernatical colsistency for. both the acquisition an
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INVERSION OF SYNTHETIC APERTUR,E R,
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ñr^-- ltoN. J00NG suN '¿i¡r"r os
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I heleby declale that I am tlie sol
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plot of the maximum amplitude of th
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Contents Abstract Acknowledgements
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6.3.1 Introduction ..151 6.3.2 Digi
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5.1 Florv chart fot the proposecl i
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List of Tables 2,1 Seasat SAR senso
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List of Notations cr squint angle P
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tist of Abbreviatíons SAR Syntheti
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The objectives of this thesis rnay
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Ground Range l;l 2 sin0 Figure 1.2:
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ol'cler to evaluate its full aclvan
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algolithrn extlacts the complex bac
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successful as expected. Thele ale,
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eú ø1. [103]). Similal clevelopme
Page 33 and 34: aerial plìotogl'aphy ovel the area
Page 35 and 36: 2.2 Spaceborne SAR Systems 1) SEASA
Page 37 and 38: tlie basis of a distinctive dlainag
Page 39 and 40: set fol selectecl aleas, useful for
Page 41 and 42: 3) ERS-I The first European rernote
Page 43 and 44: Table 2.4: ERS-I Ðieterle [104]).
Page 45 and 46: Table 2.6: ERS-1 SAR pelfolmance re
Page 47 and 48: Table 2.7: JtrRS-1 olbit pararnetel
Page 49 and 50: Table 2.9: Chalactelistics of OPS o
Page 51 and 52: Table 2.11: Specifications of Racla
Page 53 and 54: Chapten 3 Review of Digital SAR Pro
Page 55 and 56: ,I Figule 3.1: Raclar' L¡earn geom
Page 57 and 58: I L-=J}"no Figure 3.2: Geouretry fo
Page 59 and 60: vhich is the clistance across the a
Page 61 and 62: vlrere ø6 is a angular center fi'e
Page 63 and 64: à1 äl (a) /1T. or^l - r+ (b) I à
Page 65 and 66: a,pploxirnated by l2p sinl(I - ltl)
Page 67 and 68: -s(cu) is rewlitten as s@¡ - !"-,r
Page 69 and 70: cliscussecl later il this sectio¡r
Page 71 and 72: Ïon = _2 (V(ro) .V(¿o)+ R(ro) .A(
Page 73 and 74: : Range Walk : Range Curvatule : Ra
Page 75 and 76: olbital SAR is given by Ion = -'#{t
Page 77 and 78: is constant cluling the receiving p
Page 79 and 80: a at f¡r
Page 81 and 82: 'rvith a foulula developed il this
Page 83: Chapter 4 Theoretical Development 4
Page 87 and 88: vhere u (r,ro; u) : I U 1r,ro,t)e-i
Page 89 and 90: wheÌe k':frf a¡cl lc -_ uf us ant
Page 91 and 92: 4) there is relative motion of ante
Page 93 and 94: o =løo, 0, 0) Figure 4.1: Schemati
Page 95 and 96: elorv that sulface. In genetal, sul
Page 97 and 98: 4.4 The Inversion The equation Eq.(
Page 99 and 100: *'here % is a platfolrn velocity an
Page 101 and 102: The trq.(a.36) cannot be used dilec
Page 103 and 104: vhele Àl is a tvavenurnbel collesp
Page 105 and 106: 2-D FFT o(,b,;ø) Intelpolation in
Page 107 and 108: ¡nE 0$r-sEc, ¡3 I IrlÊ [18- 5EC
Page 109 and 110: 5.2 Digital Simulation Digital sirn
Page 111 and 112: Table 5.2: Moclel palametels fol di
Page 113 and 114: signal and the leconstructe
Page 115 and 116: (3 È. e tc o) o -tl a Slant Range
Page 117 and 118: that the inversiol method can accor
Page 119 and 120: (n t0 Ê) 0c (lr) Figure 5.6: Seasa
Page 121 and 122: 5.3 Processing of Real SAR Data A s
Page 123 and 124: squâre pixel rvith clir¡ension of
Page 125 and 126: Aziurutì (n Þ !d !D gc Figule 5.1
Page 127 and 128: (n 5 F Þ tq Figu.e 5.11: Reconst.u
Page 129 and 130: over tlìe 2.4 inches as shol¡l i'
Page 131 and 132: Ø Þ :J m (a) (b) ^a ctl _= a"r ro
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 6 SAR fmage Enhancement for
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1) hoiv can the tlends of lineament
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6.2 Determination of Geological Str
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Coolclinates for the image space an
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Figure 6.2: Point, lines, and hyper
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scatteter (e.g. coller leflectols,
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Figure 6.5: CCRS's airboure C-band
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C-l¡ancl SAR irnagery ovel this al
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Figure 6.8: Radon transform of ailb
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in the irnage space ancl the Iine i
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ERS- 1 N U 0 rl 0o |lO + ,¡l r.l p
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6.2,3 Correlation Using The Radon T
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Since the inside of the squale blac
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Figule 6.12: Model test for correla
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thlough the Radon tlansfolm is shor
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Figure 6.15: Airborne C-band SAR da
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distinct points can be cliscelnerl
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Figure 6.18: Correlation output thr
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6.3 Merging of Multiple SAR Image D
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in Figure 6.19 tvhich is a clilect
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Figure 6.20: Additive irnages rvith
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Figule 6.22: Subtractive images rvi
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(1) select a clirection to be enhan
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Figure 6.24: Lnage obtained through
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6.3.4 Principal Components Analysis
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Table 6.2: Con'elation coeffrcielt
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Figure 6.27: The PCA frrst componen
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the geological surface lilearrent f
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ackscatte.i'g coefficiert can be cl
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Appendices A. Derivation of Forward
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B. Derivation of Inversion Formula
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C. Derivation using the Method of S
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F[eferences [1] Ahmed, S., \Vallen,
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[20] Curlis, J.D,, Flost, V.S., Del
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[43] Holn, R., 1988, E-SAR - The ex
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[65] Lotrelrl, O., 1990, Dopplel ce
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[87] Pye, 8.G., Nalch'ett,4.J., anc
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[111] \,Vu, C., Balkan,8., I(arplus
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