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[9] Belnfelcl, M., Cook, C.E., Paolillo, J., ancl pahnier.i, C.4., 1964 1965, Matclrerl filteling, pulse cornpression and rvave clesign, paú I-Iy, Mi_ ct'ouaue./., v.7, no.10, pp.57-64, no.11., pp.81-90, no.12, pp.Z0-76 (1964), v.8, no.1, 73-81 (1965). [10] Bleistein, N., 1984, M athematical Metl¿od,s for Waoe phenomena, Academic Press. [11] Bleisteil, N., Cohen, J.l(., and Hagil, F.G., 19g5, ,,Cornputational ancl Asymptotic Aspects of Velocity Inversion", Geo7thysics, v.bO, pp.125S- 1265. [12] BoLn, V.M., 1926 Quantenmeclianik cler stoßvor gätge, Z. physik, v.Jg,, pp.803-827. [13] Brorvn, W.M. and Polcello, L.J., 1969, An intloduction to Synthetic Apelture Radar, IEEE ,9pectrutn, September', pp.52-62. (also in the lefelence [56]) [14] Blorvn, W.M., Houser., G.G., arirl Jenkins, R.Ð., 192g, Synthetic aper.ture plocessing rvith limitecl storage and presurnming, IEEE Trans, Aerosp, Electro¡¿. Syst., v.9,1o.2, pp.166-176. (also in the r.eference [56]) [15] Calrier, G.F., l(rook, M., Pearson, C.E., 1966, Fu¡¿ctio¡¿s of a Compler Variable, McGraw-Hill Book Co., p1>.272-27 S. [16] Cheng, G, and Coen, S., 1984, The lelationship between Born invelsion ancl rniglation for cotnrnol-mid point stacked dala,: G eoplrysi,cs, v.4g, 2117-2131. [17] Cohel, J.I(. ald Bleistein, N., 1979, Velocity inversion pr.oceclure fol acoustic w av es, G eolth,y sics, v.44, pp. 1 077- 1 0Bb. [18] Colien, J.I{. and Bleistein, N., 1g83, The influerce of out-of-plane sur.face propelties ou unmiglated sections, Geophysics,, v.48, 125-182. [19] Cook, C.E. and Belnfeld, M., 1967, Radar Signals: A¡¿ Introd.uction, to Theory and. Application, Academic Pless. 181
[20] Curlis, J.D,, Flost, V.S., Dellrvig, L.F., 1986, Geological mapping potertial of coruputer.-enhanced intages fi.orn the Shuttle Imaging Raclar.: Lisbon valley anticlirìe, Utalt, Photograrnmetr. Eng. Remote ,gens,itt g, v.52, ro.4, pp.525-532. [21] Curlancler, J.C., 1986, Per.forrnance of the SIR-B digital inage pLocessing subsystern, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote ,settsitt q, v.24, no.4, pp.64g- 652. [22] Curtona, L.J., Vivian, W.E., Leith,8.N., and Hall, G.O., 1g61, A high lesolution râdar combat-sur.veillance system, Il?_E Trans, Military Elictron., v.5, no.2, pp.127-131. (also in the r.efer.ence [b6]) [23] Cultona, L.J. ancl Hall, G.O., 1962, A conparison of techniques for. aclrieving fine azimuth i.esolution, IRE Tra¡¿s, Military Electron., v.6, no.2, pp.119-121. (also in the r.e{er.ence [56]) [24) D aily, M., i983, Hue-satulation-intensity split-spectr.un pÌocessing of Seasat ladal imagely, Photogrammett., Eng. Remote,9ensing, v.4g, no.B, pp.349-355. [25] Deans, S.R., 1983, The Rad,on transform a¡¿d. some of its application, John Wiley & Sons. [26] Di Cenzo, 4., 1988, A nerv look at nolsepalable synthetic apelture raclal processing, IEEE Trans, Aerosp. Electron. ,ïyst., v.24, no.J,1tp.2IB_228. [27] Duchossois, G., 1986, Overvierv ancl status of the BRS-1 pÌograrrnìe, Proc. I G A RSS'8 6, Zrrich, pp. 15b-15g. [28] Durlani, T.S., and Bisset, D., 1984, The Raclon tr.ansform alcl its plopeúies, G eoph.ysics, v.49, lo. B, pp. 1 1 80- 1 1 82. [29] Eklundh, J .O., 1972, A fast cornputel methocl fol matr.ix transposing, IEEE T'a¡¿s. Com1tuters, v.21, no.7, pp.B01-803. [30] [31] Fitclr, J.P., 7988, ,|gnthetic Aperture -Radar, Springer-Ver'lag. Ford, J,P., 1980, Seasat or.bital r.adal irnagely for. geologic rnapping: Tennessee- I(errt ncky-Velgini a, A A P G B utt, v.6 4, 1tp.206 4-20g 4. 182
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INVERSION OF SYNTHETIC APERTUR,E R,
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ñr^-- ltoN. J00NG suN '¿i¡r"r os
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I heleby declale that I am tlie sol
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plot of the maximum amplitude of th
Page 9 and 10:
Contents Abstract Acknowledgements
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6.3.1 Introduction ..151 6.3.2 Digi
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5.1 Florv chart fot the proposecl i
Page 15 and 16:
List of Tables 2,1 Seasat SAR senso
Page 17 and 18:
List of Notations cr squint angle P
Page 19 and 20:
tist of Abbreviatíons SAR Syntheti
Page 21 and 22:
The objectives of this thesis rnay
Page 23 and 24:
Ground Range l;l 2 sin0 Figure 1.2:
Page 25 and 26:
ol'cler to evaluate its full aclvan
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algolithrn extlacts the complex bac
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successful as expected. Thele ale,
Page 31 and 32:
eú ø1. [103]). Similal clevelopme
Page 33 and 34:
aerial plìotogl'aphy ovel the area
Page 35 and 36:
2.2 Spaceborne SAR Systems 1) SEASA
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tlie basis of a distinctive dlainag
Page 39 and 40:
set fol selectecl aleas, useful for
Page 41 and 42:
3) ERS-I The first European rernote
Page 43 and 44:
Table 2.4: ERS-I Ðieterle [104]).
Page 45 and 46:
Table 2.6: ERS-1 SAR pelfolmance re
Page 47 and 48:
Table 2.7: JtrRS-1 olbit pararnetel
Page 49 and 50:
Table 2.9: Chalactelistics of OPS o
Page 51 and 52:
Table 2.11: Specifications of Racla
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Chapten 3 Review of Digital SAR Pro
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,I Figule 3.1: Raclar' L¡earn geom
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I L-=J}"no Figure 3.2: Geouretry fo
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vhich is the clistance across the a
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vlrere ø6 is a angular center fi'e
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à1 äl (a) /1T. or^l - r+ (b) I à
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a,pploxirnated by l2p sinl(I - ltl)
Page 67 and 68:
-s(cu) is rewlitten as s@¡ - !"-,r
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cliscussecl later il this sectio¡r
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Ïon = _2 (V(ro) .V(¿o)+ R(ro) .A(
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: Range Walk : Range Curvatule : Ra
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olbital SAR is given by Ion = -'#{t
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is constant cluling the receiving p
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a at f¡r
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'rvith a foulula developed il this
Page 83 and 84:
Chapter 4 Theoretical Development 4
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developed and cliscussed by several
Page 87 and 88:
vhere u (r,ro; u) : I U 1r,ro,t)e-i
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wheÌe k':frf a¡cl lc -_ uf us ant
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4) there is relative motion of ante
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o =løo, 0, 0) Figure 4.1: Schemati
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elorv that sulface. In genetal, sul
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4.4 The Inversion The equation Eq.(
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*'here % is a platfolrn velocity an
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The trq.(a.36) cannot be used dilec
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vhele Àl is a tvavenurnbel collesp
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2-D FFT o(,b,;ø) Intelpolation in
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¡nE 0$r-sEc, ¡3 I IrlÊ [18- 5EC
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5.2 Digital Simulation Digital sirn
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Table 5.2: Moclel palametels fol di
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signal and the leconstructe
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(3 È. e tc o) o -tl a Slant Range
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that the inversiol method can accor
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(n t0 Ê) 0c (lr) Figure 5.6: Seasa
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5.3 Processing of Real SAR Data A s
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squâre pixel rvith clir¡ension of
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Aziurutì (n Þ !d !D gc Figule 5.1
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(n 5 F Þ tq Figu.e 5.11: Reconst.u
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over tlìe 2.4 inches as shol¡l i'
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Ø Þ :J m (a) (b) ^a ctl _= a"r ro
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Chapter 6 SAR fmage Enhancement for
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1) hoiv can the tlends of lineament
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6.2 Determination of Geological Str
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Coolclinates for the image space an
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Figure 6.2: Point, lines, and hyper
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scatteter (e.g. coller leflectols,
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Figure 6.5: CCRS's airboure C-band
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C-l¡ancl SAR irnagery ovel this al
Page 149 and 150: Figure 6.8: Radon transform of ailb
Page 151 and 152: in the irnage space ancl the Iine i
Page 153 and 154: ERS- 1 N U 0 rl 0o |lO + ,¡l r.l p
Page 156 and 157: 6.2,3 Correlation Using The Radon T
Page 158 and 159: Since the inside of the squale blac
Page 160 and 161: Figule 6.12: Model test for correla
Page 162 and 163: thlough the Radon tlansfolm is shor
Page 164 and 165: Figure 6.15: Airborne C-band SAR da
Page 166 and 167: distinct points can be cliscelnerl
Page 168 and 169: Figure 6.18: Correlation output thr
Page 170 and 171: 6.3 Merging of Multiple SAR Image D
Page 172 and 173: in Figure 6.19 tvhich is a clilect
Page 174 and 175: Figure 6.20: Additive irnages rvith
Page 176 and 177: Figule 6.22: Subtractive images rvi
Page 178 and 179: (1) select a clirection to be enhan
Page 180 and 181: Figure 6.24: Lnage obtained through
Page 182: 6.3.4 Principal Components Analysis
Page 185 and 186: Table 6.2: Con'elation coeffrcielt
Page 187 and 188: Figure 6.27: The PCA frrst componen
Page 189 and 190: the geological surface lilearrent f
Page 191 and 192: ackscatte.i'g coefficiert can be cl
Page 193 and 194: Appendices A. Derivation of Forward
Page 195 and 196: B. Derivation of Inversion Formula
Page 197 and 198: C. Derivation using the Method of S
Page 199: F[eferences [1] Ahmed, S., \Vallen,
Page 203 and 204: [43] Holn, R., 1988, E-SAR - The ex
Page 205 and 206: [65] Lotrelrl, O., 1990, Dopplel ce
Page 207 and 208: [87] Pye, 8.G., Nalch'ett,4.J., anc
Page 209: [111] \,Vu, C., Balkan,8., I(arplus
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