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[77] Milistry of Lrterrrational Tr.acle and Inclustry (MITI) and National Space Development Agency of Japal (NASDA),1990, Outl,ine of The JER,g-1 Systern, October'. [78] Moon, W.M., Stervalt, I., Won, J.S., 1991, Ground Referert ce ,gystem for Japanese Eartl¿ Resotn'ces,ïatellite-i (JER,S-1) uith Computer progrzm, (leophysics Technical Repor.t No. 14, Univer.sity of Manitoba. [79] Mool, W.M., Won, J.S., Li,8., Slaley, V. R., and Larnontagne, N4., 1991, Application of Ailbolne C-SAR ancl SPOT image Data to the Geological Setting of The Nahanni Earthquake Ãrea, Canad.ian J. Remote S ett si,ng, v. 1 7, no.3, 1tp.272-278. [80] Moole, R.K., 1983, Racla¡: funclarnentals and scatterometers: Manual of Remote ,9ensing, 2ncl ed. (R.N. Colwell ecl.), Anerican Society of Plrotogrammetr y, pp.369-427 . [81] Moore, R.l{., 1983, Imaging rada'.' systems: Ma¡¿ual of Remote ,gensing, 2nd ed. (R,N. Cohvell ed.), Ar¡erican Society of Photogrammetr.y, pp.429-474. [82] Moole, G.I(, and Waltz, F.4., 1983, Objective Proceclures for linearnent errlrancement aud extraction, Photogrammetr, Eng. Remote ,Sensi,ttg, v.49, no.5, pp.641-647. [83] Moleila, J.R., 1990, A nerv methocl of aircr.aft rnotion errol extractiol frorn radar rarv data fol real tirne rnotion corìpen satiott, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensi,ng, v.28, no.4, pp.620-626. [84] Murphy, L.M., 1986, Linear feature detection ancl enhancement in noisy itnages via the Radon tlansform, Pattern Recog,, v,4, pp.27g-284. [85] Nemoto, Y,, Nishino, H,, Ono, M., Mizutamari, H., Nishikawa, I(., ancl Tanaka, l(., 1991, Japanese Ðar.th r.esour.ces satellite-1 synthetic aper.tule rad.at, Proc. IEEE, v.79., no.6, pp.800-809. [86] Oìver', F.W.J., 1974, I¡¿troduction to Asymptotics and, Special Function,, Acaclemic Press, pp.237-241. 187
[87] Pye, 8.G., Nalch'ett,4.J., ancl Giblin, P.E. (Ðds), 1984, Tlrc Geology at¿d, Ore Deposits of the Sudburg Structure, Ontario Geological Surt:ey ,9peci,al Volume 7, Ministly of Natural Resources, Ontalio. [88] Raclon, J., i917, Über clie bestirnrnung von funktionen clurch ihre integlalrverte lalgs geivissel rnalligfaltigkei ten, Berich,te,Säcl¿siscl¿e A lt a d emi e d er W i s s en s ch. aft en, v .69, ¿t.262-27 7 . [89] Rarey, R.K., 1984, Conceptual desigl of satellite SAH, Proc. I- G A R,gS' I 4, Stlasboulg, pp.801-807. [90] Raney, R.K., i986, Doppler ploperties of radars in circular orbits, Izf. J. Remote ,9ensing, v.7, no.9, pp.1153-i162. [91] Raney, R.I(., 1987, A cornurent on Doppler. FM Rate, I¡tt. J. Remote ,9ensùtg, v.B, no.7, pp.1091- 1092. [92] Raney, R.l(., ancl Vachon, P.W., 1989, A phase preserving SAR processot, Proc. IGARS,S'89, Vancouver, v.4, pp.2588-259i. [93] Raney, R.I(., Lusconbe,4.P,, Langharn, 8.J., and Ahmed, S., 1991, RADARSAT, Proc. IEEE, v.79, no.6, pp.839-849. [9a] Rey, M.T., Tunaley, J.I(., Folinsbee, J.T., Jahals, P.4., Dixon, J.4., and Vant, M.R., 1990, Application of Raclon transfolr.n techriques to rvake detection in Seasat-A SAR irnage, IEEE Trat¿s. Geosci. Remote ,9 ensitt g, v.28, no.4, pp.553-560. [95] Rinenour, L.N., 1947, Rad.ar System Engineerùtg: MIT Rød,aatio¡t Lal¡- oratory S eries, Vol.I, McGraw-Hill. [96] Rocca, F., Cafforio, C., ancl Prati, C., i989, Synthetic aperture laclar.: A New application for rvave equation techniques, Geophysacal Prosepectitt,g, v.37, pp.809-830. [97] Rosenbaum, J.H, and Bourcleaux, G.F., 198i, Rapid convergence of some seismic processing algorithrns, Geophysics., v.46, pp.1667-1671. [98] Shelrvin, C.W., Ruina, J.P., and Rawclife, D., 1962, Some eally clevelopments in Synthetic Apertule Radar. systems, IRE Trans. Military Electrott.., v.6, no.2, pp,111-115. (also in the reference [56]) 188
Page 1 and 2:
INVERSION OF SYNTHETIC APERTUR,E R,
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ñr^-- ltoN. J00NG suN '¿i¡r"r os
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I heleby declale that I am tlie sol
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plot of the maximum amplitude of th
Page 9 and 10:
Contents Abstract Acknowledgements
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6.3.1 Introduction ..151 6.3.2 Digi
Page 13 and 14:
5.1 Florv chart fot the proposecl i
Page 15 and 16:
List of Tables 2,1 Seasat SAR senso
Page 17 and 18:
List of Notations cr squint angle P
Page 19 and 20:
tist of Abbreviatíons SAR Syntheti
Page 21 and 22:
The objectives of this thesis rnay
Page 23 and 24:
Ground Range l;l 2 sin0 Figure 1.2:
Page 25 and 26:
ol'cler to evaluate its full aclvan
Page 27 and 28:
algolithrn extlacts the complex bac
Page 29 and 30:
successful as expected. Thele ale,
Page 31 and 32:
eú ø1. [103]). Similal clevelopme
Page 33 and 34:
aerial plìotogl'aphy ovel the area
Page 35 and 36:
2.2 Spaceborne SAR Systems 1) SEASA
Page 37 and 38:
tlie basis of a distinctive dlainag
Page 39 and 40:
set fol selectecl aleas, useful for
Page 41 and 42:
3) ERS-I The first European rernote
Page 43 and 44:
Table 2.4: ERS-I Ðieterle [104]).
Page 45 and 46:
Table 2.6: ERS-1 SAR pelfolmance re
Page 47 and 48:
Table 2.7: JtrRS-1 olbit pararnetel
Page 49 and 50:
Table 2.9: Chalactelistics of OPS o
Page 51 and 52:
Table 2.11: Specifications of Racla
Page 53 and 54:
Chapten 3 Review of Digital SAR Pro
Page 55 and 56:
,I Figule 3.1: Raclar' L¡earn geom
Page 57 and 58:
I L-=J}"no Figure 3.2: Geouretry fo
Page 59 and 60:
vhich is the clistance across the a
Page 61 and 62:
vlrere ø6 is a angular center fi'e
Page 63 and 64:
à1 äl (a) /1T. or^l - r+ (b) I à
Page 65 and 66:
a,pploxirnated by l2p sinl(I - ltl)
Page 67 and 68:
-s(cu) is rewlitten as s@¡ - !"-,r
Page 69 and 70:
cliscussecl later il this sectio¡r
Page 71 and 72:
Ïon = _2 (V(ro) .V(¿o)+ R(ro) .A(
Page 73 and 74:
: Range Walk : Range Curvatule : Ra
Page 75 and 76:
olbital SAR is given by Ion = -'#{t
Page 77 and 78:
is constant cluling the receiving p
Page 79 and 80:
a at f¡r
Page 81 and 82:
'rvith a foulula developed il this
Page 83 and 84:
Chapter 4 Theoretical Development 4
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developed and cliscussed by several
Page 87 and 88:
vhere u (r,ro; u) : I U 1r,ro,t)e-i
Page 89 and 90:
wheÌe k':frf a¡cl lc -_ uf us ant
Page 91 and 92:
4) there is relative motion of ante
Page 93 and 94:
o =løo, 0, 0) Figure 4.1: Schemati
Page 95 and 96:
elorv that sulface. In genetal, sul
Page 97 and 98:
4.4 The Inversion The equation Eq.(
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*'here % is a platfolrn velocity an
Page 101 and 102:
The trq.(a.36) cannot be used dilec
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vhele Àl is a tvavenurnbel collesp
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2-D FFT o(,b,;ø) Intelpolation in
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¡nE 0$r-sEc, ¡3 I IrlÊ [18- 5EC
Page 109 and 110:
5.2 Digital Simulation Digital sirn
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Table 5.2: Moclel palametels fol di
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signal and the leconstructe
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(3 È. e tc o) o -tl a Slant Range
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that the inversiol method can accor
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(n t0 Ê) 0c (lr) Figure 5.6: Seasa
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5.3 Processing of Real SAR Data A s
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squâre pixel rvith clir¡ension of
Page 125 and 126:
Aziurutì (n Þ !d !D gc Figule 5.1
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(n 5 F Þ tq Figu.e 5.11: Reconst.u
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over tlìe 2.4 inches as shol¡l i'
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Ø Þ :J m (a) (b) ^a ctl _= a"r ro
Page 133 and 134:
Chapter 6 SAR fmage Enhancement for
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1) hoiv can the tlends of lineament
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6.2 Determination of Geological Str
Page 139 and 140:
Coolclinates for the image space an
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Figure 6.2: Point, lines, and hyper
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scatteter (e.g. coller leflectols,
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Figure 6.5: CCRS's airboure C-band
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C-l¡ancl SAR irnagery ovel this al
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Figure 6.8: Radon transform of ailb
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in the irnage space ancl the Iine i
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ERS- 1 N U 0 rl 0o |lO + ,¡l r.l p
Page 156 and 157: 6.2,3 Correlation Using The Radon T
Page 158 and 159: Since the inside of the squale blac
Page 160 and 161: Figule 6.12: Model test for correla
Page 162 and 163: thlough the Radon tlansfolm is shor
Page 164 and 165: Figure 6.15: Airborne C-band SAR da
Page 166 and 167: distinct points can be cliscelnerl
Page 168 and 169: Figure 6.18: Correlation output thr
Page 170 and 171: 6.3 Merging of Multiple SAR Image D
Page 172 and 173: in Figure 6.19 tvhich is a clilect
Page 174 and 175: Figure 6.20: Additive irnages rvith
Page 176 and 177: Figule 6.22: Subtractive images rvi
Page 178 and 179: (1) select a clirection to be enhan
Page 180 and 181: Figure 6.24: Lnage obtained through
Page 182: 6.3.4 Principal Components Analysis
Page 185 and 186: Table 6.2: Con'elation coeffrcielt
Page 187 and 188: Figure 6.27: The PCA frrst componen
Page 189 and 190: the geological surface lilearrent f
Page 191 and 192: ackscatte.i'g coefficiert can be cl
Page 193 and 194: Appendices A. Derivation of Forward
Page 195 and 196: B. Derivation of Inversion Formula
Page 197 and 198: C. Derivation using the Method of S
Page 199 and 200: F[eferences [1] Ahmed, S., \Vallen,
Page 201 and 202: [20] Curlis, J.D,, Flost, V.S., Del
Page 203 and 204: [43] Holn, R., 1988, E-SAR - The ex
Page 205: [65] Lotrelrl, O., 1990, Dopplel ce
Page 209: [111] \,Vu, C., Balkan,8., I(arplus
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