CHEM01200604009 Sreejith Kaniyankandy - Homi Bhabha ...

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1.3.5. Defect Mediated Relaxation 21 1.4. How Can QDs Help in Solar Cells? 21-23 1.5. “Improving on” QDs 24 1.5.1. Semiconductor-Semiconductor Core Shell Nanostructures 24-25 1.5.2. Semiconductor-Dye Nanostructures 26 1.5.3. Metal-Semiconductor Nanostructures 26-27 1.6. Classical Electron Transfer 27-29 1.6.1. Adiabatic and Non-Adiabatic Process 29-30 1.6.2. Classical Electron Transfer Theory 30-33 1.6.3. Quantum mechanical theory of electron transfer 33-34 1.7 Interfacial Electron Transfer from Molecular Adsorbate to Semiconductor 34-35 1.7.1. Electron Injection 35-37 1.7.2. Back Electron Transfer 37-38 1.8. Synthesis of Semiconductor Quantum Dots 38-41 1.9. Thesis Overview 42-43 1.10. Scope of the Thesis in View of Applications in Photovoltaics 42-43 1.11. Thesis Overview 43-46 Chapter 2 Experimental 2.1. Introduction 48 2.2. UV-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy 48-50 2.3. Fluorescence Spectroscopy 50-51 2.4. X-Ray Diffraction viii
2.4.1. Introduction 51-53 2.4.2. Instrumentation 53-54 2.4.3. Raman Spectroscopy 54-55 2.6. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 2.6.1. Introduction 56-57 2.6.2. Layout of TEM 57-60 2.6.3. Selected Area Electron Diffraction 60-61 2.6.4. Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) 61 2.7. Time Correlated Single Photon Counting 2.7.1. Introduction 61-62 2.7.2. Instrumentation 62-64 2.7.2.1. Constant Fraction Discriminator 64-65 2.7.2.2. Time to Amplitude Converter 65 2.7.2.3. Multichannel Analyzer 65 2.7.2.4. Data Analysis 65-66 2.8. Broadband Pump-Probe Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy 2.8. 1. Introduction 66-70 2. 8. 2. Experimental set up 2. 8. 2. 1. Ti-Sapphire (Ti-S) Oscillator 70-71 2.8.2.2. Amplifier 72-73 2.8.2.3. Multistage Amplification 73-76 2. 8. 2. 4. Pulse Compressor 76-77 2.8.3. Second Harmonic Generation-400nm Pump 77-78 ix
Page 1: Charge Transfer Dynamics in Quantum
Page 7: DECLARATION I, hereby declare that
Page 11: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is my privilege
Page 16 and 17: 2. 8. 4. White Light Generation- 45
Page 18 and 19: 6.2. Experimental 6.2.1.Synthesis o
Page 20 and 21: devices based on QDs it has been sh
Page 22 and 23: Furthermore generation of pump (~40
Page 24 and 25: shell). This clearly indicated that
Page 26 and 27: 12. V. I. Klimov, J. Phys. Chem. B,
Page 28 and 29: 1.13 Reactant and Product Potential
Page 30 and 31: light. Inset: Kinetic traces monito
Page 32 and 33: 6.5 Transient decay kinetics of gra
Page 34 and 35: at 670 nm after exciting at 400 nm
Page 37 and 38: ABBREVIATIONS BET BQ CB CCD CdS CdT
Page 39: 1 Chapter 1
Page 42 and 43: 3 size dependent optical properties
Page 44 and 45: 5 1.2. Physics of Semiconductors 1.
Page 46 and 47: 7 As seen from the schematic, poten
Page 48 and 49: 9 Substituting this in Schrödinger
Page 50 and 51: 11 ( r, r ) ( r ) ( r ) (1.13) e
Page 52 and 53: 13 E E E 2 2 2 EX ne, le nh,
Page 54 and 55: 15 spherical symmetry of field. The
Page 56 and 57: 17 gE ( ) 2Em 2 3 3 (1.25) For a
Page 58 and 59: 19 1.3.2. Electron-Hole energy tran
Page 60 and 61: 21 Impact Ionization Figure 1.7. Sc
Page 62 and 63: 23 understanding on mechanistic asp
Page 64 and 65:
25 carriers are unable to sample th
Page 66 and 67:
27 CB VB QD Metal Figure. 1. 10. Sc
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29 energy barrier. Therefore it is
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31 1 f q 2 A qB (1.30) 2 In equa
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33 Vibrational contribution can be
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35 1. 7. 1. Electron Injection ET i
Page 76 and 77:
37 Under assumption of invariance o
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39 distribution. To achieve good si
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41 initially achieved monodispersit
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43 and rate of charge transfer acro
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45 1.32 P. V. Kamat, J. Phys. Chem.
Page 87:
47 Chapter 2
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49 chemical species. Since a partic
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51 fluorescence forms an important
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53 eliminated by use of standard wh
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55 sample. Raman spectroscopy is ba
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57 will appear bright and region wi
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59 volatile solvent is drop casted
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61 spots arise from diffraction fro
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63 The electrical signal is then ch
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65 delayed and inverted. The two si
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67 Pump-probe technique is one of t
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69 Amplifier Jade Stretcher fs Osci
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71 Figure 2.6. Optical layout of Ti
Page 114 and 115:
73 Grating Convex Mirror Concave Mi
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75 changes the polarization from ho
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77 Grating Output Input Mirror Grat
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79 μJ has a very high peak power.
Page 122 and 123:
81 2.6. Dynamical Theory of X-Ray D
Page 125:
83 Chapter 3
Page 128 and 129:
85 Therefore the study of interfaci
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87 3. 2. Experimental Section 3.2.1
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89 and intensity show absence of ot
Page 134 and 135:
91 which is also neutral; therefore
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93 electron transfer times. This re
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95 r B a * 0 3.1 me / me Now the
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97 nonadiabatic case the electron t
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99 drastically reduced leading to a
Page 144 and 145:
101 While the study of injection dy
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103 study. Based on the injection d
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105 17. L. E. Brus, J. Phys. Chem.
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107 Chapter 4
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109 of the QDs. As a result surface
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111 4.2.2. Synthesis: The CdTe QDs
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113 lower hole state. In CdSe the l
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115 4.2 inset. The kinetic traces a
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117 growth of the bleach kinetics (
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119 previous section we have discus
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121 lived charge transfer complex w
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123 100 times concentration of the
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125 4.5. References 4.1. Efros, Al.
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127 Chapter 5
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129 been made in the synthesis of t
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131 metallic synthesis by arrested
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133 5.3. Result and discussion: 5.3
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135 indicating a confinement induce
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137 absorption studies that on form
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139 1000 c b PL Intensity 100 10 a
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141 samples due to a very weak exci
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143 dynamical spectrum is negligibl
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145 Earlier authors [5.4] reported
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147 Sample t r(ps) t 1(ps) t 2(ps)
Page 196 and 197:
149 In addition to the cooling dyna
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151 pulse-width time scale followed
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153 5.20. Sreejith Kaniyankandy, Sa
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155 CHAPTER 6 Charge Separation in
Page 205 and 206:
157 Studies by Wang et. al. [6.15]
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159 graphene in a 1M NaOH solution.
Page 209 and 210:
161 Intensity (a.u.) 5 4 3 2 1 CdTe
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163 dynamics of graphene oxide and
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165 GO as shown in the Figure 3 rev
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167 electron acceptor for Graphene.
Page 217 and 218:
169 governs the recombination dynam
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171 Sample τ 1 (ps) τ 2 (ps) τ 3
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173 A (mO.D) 10.0 0.0 -10.0 -20.0 0
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175 involved in the relaxation may
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177 Electron quencher (benzoquinone
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179 Scheme 6.1. Schematic of Electr
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181 6.6. Reina, A.; Jia, X.; Ho, J.
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183 6.26. Kaiser, A. B.; Navarro, C
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185 assigned to injection into diff
Page 236 and 237:
187 transfer from CdSe core to ZnTe
Page 238 and 239:
189 However the position of bands i
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