Oil and Gas at Your Door? (2005 Edition) - Earthworks

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Introduction FIGURE i-4. POTENTIAL COALBED METHANE BASINS IN THE UNITED STATES. Source: Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission. 20 Arkoma (280 BCF) Central Appalachian (1411 BCF) Warrior (1283 BCF) Cherokee (244 BCF) Raton (2448 BCF) Uinta-Piceance (1801 BCF) Greater Green River (162 BCF) Powder River (2239 BCF) San Juan (8547 BCF) BCF - billion cubic feet of methane FIGURE i-5. 2002 PROVED COALBED METHANE RESERVES. Source: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. 21 i-6
Do you own the minerals associated with your land? You may own a piece of land, but do you own everything that is underneath it? Today, the reality is that many landowners own only the surface—not the subsurface—portion of land. This is mainly because previous owners retained ownership of the minerals when they sold the surface property. Consequently, it is possible that a landowner may own some, all or none of the rights to the minerals, oil and gas that lay beneath the surface of their property. In Colorado, for example, only 15 percent of landowners also own the rights to the minerals under their lands. 22 Many conflicts involving oil and gas development are rooted in this “severance” of land title, where property is divided into the “surface estate” and the “mineral estate.” In many cases, surface owners are unaware that someone else owns rights to the minerals underneath their property. Even surface owners who are aware that they do not own the minerals may not realize that the mineral owner may have a legal right to enter the property, build roads, drill wells, install flow lines and maintain operations— all without permission from the surface owner or compensation for most damages caused by oil and gas development. • If you are fortunate enough to own the minerals beneath your land, you have a lot more power to determine if and how development will proceed. And you may reap some financial benefits if oil or gas is found under your property. • If someone else (an individual, company, tribe, or state/federal government) owns the minerals, and a company becomes interested in developing oil or gas there, it is unlikely that you will be able to stop that development from occurring on your property. You may, however, be able to affect the manner in which development proceeds. All of these ideas will be elaborated on in Chapter II. Are you concerned about maintaining clean air, water and healthy landscapes? There are potential impacts associated with each stage of oil and gas development — exploration, drilling, production, product treatment, and plugging and abandonment of wells. Impacts may include: loss of land value due to surface disturbance, contamination, erosion or sedimentation; destruction or alteration of livestock and wildlife habitat; and human or animal health effects related to groundwater and surface water contamination, air pollution, or soil contamination. Government may not be able to effectively enforce regulations. For the complete story, go to: www.wyomingoutdoorcouncil.org In this guide, you will find more information on the potential impacts related to the various stages of oil and gas development. There is no doubt that oil and gas development will have some impact on surrounding land, water and air. There are, however, a number of factors that can influence the extent or severity of the impacts. All of the following issues will be touched upon in this guide: 1. Location of the development (e.g., geology, topography, proximity to homes). 2. The financial situation and values of the company running the operation (e.g., do they have the money and the desire to mitigate the impacts). 3. The desires and values of the surface owners, and the ability of surface owners to influence the development. 4. Government regulations, and governmental willingness and capacity to enforce the regulations. i-7
Page 1 and 2: Oil and Gas at Your Door? A Landown
Page 3 and 4: About the Oil & Gas Accountability
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Introduction What
Page 7 and 8: Chapter III, Tips for Landowners Wh
Page 9 and 10: Introduction Oil and gas developmen
Page 11 and 12: For the oil we need, unless we choo
Page 13: With the recent boom in extraction
Page 17 and 18: Chapter I Oil and Gas Development a
Page 19 and 20: TERMS AND CONCEPTS When natural gas
Page 21 and 22: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT In
Page 23 and 24: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT •
Page 25 and 26: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT FIG
Page 29 and 30: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT Sur
Page 31 and 32: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT pan
Page 33 and 34: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT Nex
Page 35 and 36: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT One
Page 37 and 38: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT Gat
Page 39 and 40: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT Pro
Page 41 and 42: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT PRO
Page 43 and 44: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT pro
Page 45 and 46: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT Plu
Page 49 and 50: NON CONVENTIONAL OIL AND GAS FIGURE
Page 51 and 52: NON CONVENTIONAL OIL AND GAS COALBE
Page 53 and 54: NON CONVENTIONAL OIL AND GAS Cavita
Page 55 and 56: NON CONVENTIONAL OIL AND GAS to pro
Page 57 and 58: IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH OIL AND GAS
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IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH OIL AND GAS
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ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTI
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ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTI
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STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT The
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STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT to
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STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT FIG
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Chapter II Legal and Regulatory Iss
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Who Owns the Minerals Beneath Your
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WHO OWNS THE MINERALS BENEATH YOUR
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MINERAL VS SURFACE RIGHTS er, can b
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MINERAL VS SURFACE RIGHTS • In th
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REGULATIONS AND SURFACE OWNER PROTE
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Exploration Before a company can en
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Other Protections Statutes and regu
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face owner to participate in this o
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Chapter III Tips for Landowners WHA
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS Surface Use
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS Powder River
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS operations t
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS ment payment
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS Reported Com
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS Examples of
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS ed by this A
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS 12. Dry Hole
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS 25. Firearms
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS in whole or
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LEASING Annual Reclamation Requirem
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LEASING • Within the mineral leas
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LEASING • Requiring landowner app
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OTHER ACTIVITIES TO CONSIDER Push f
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OTHER ACTIVITIES TO CONSIDER analys
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FILE LAWSUITS amendment also requir
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FILE LAWSUITS Landowners are Winnin
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Chapter IV Landowner Stories As has
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1. CBM DESTROYS RETIREMENT DREAM By
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has never been a loss of vegetation
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Board came. They accused her of pou
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4. COUNTY OFFICIALS SAY RESIDENTS I
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First, why we did not sign a surfac
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Here is part of a description of on
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cases the agents called and visited
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10. ONE RANCH FAMILY’S STRUGGLE W
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shrubs are now roads, drill pads or
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County and the drilling company to
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opment in their backyards. This is
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After reading Colborn’s memo, I t
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17. WYOMING LANDOWNERS FACE CONDEMN
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involved in a private property issu
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Sources of Information Resources on
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Sources of Information Petroleum Te
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Sources of Information East of Huaj
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Sources of Information NONPROFIT OR
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Sources of Information Native Actio
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Sources of Information STATE REGULA
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Glossary of Oil and Gas Terms A aba
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chain of title Recorded transfers (
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egress The act of getting out or le
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H heavy oil Hydrocarbons composed o
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mineral estate The ownership of min
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petroleum A substance occurring nat
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einjection The introduction of prod
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sour gas Natural gas containing sig
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venting release of gases to atmosph
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Endnotes 1 Thomas, K. 2001. Produce
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57 U.S. EPA. October, 2000. p. 38.
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121 Griffiths, Mary and Marr-Laing,
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187 Kuuskraa, Vello A. (Advanced Re
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236 Otsego County Planning Commissi
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287 USGS. 1997. See endnote 284. 28
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354 Trujillo, Shirena. August 27, 2
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Oklahoma: Oklahoma Statutes. 52-4-3
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Financial Assurance - Colorado: Col
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470 Scheider, Keith. “Ax the $Bil
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Index I-31, I-33, I-60, I-63 conven
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Index mitigation I-31, IV-20 monito
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Index I-52, I-65, III-10 treatment
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