Oil and Gas at Your Door? (2005 Edition) - Earthworks

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Oil and Gas Development and Impacts CONTAMINANTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY The following table summarizes the types of wastes that are generated during the various stages of oil and gas development. Of these wastes, there are some that pose more serious concerns for landowners than others. These include specific air emissions; hydrocarbon wastes; produced water; and naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). These are discussed in more detail on the following pages. 244 I-50
IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH OIL AND GAS AIR EMISSIONS As seen in the table below, there are several types of air emissions in the drilling and production process. The following table provides information on air quality concerns related to oil and gas in different parts of the country. Some of the key sources of air emissions include the following: 245 1. Fugitive emissions from leaking tubing, valves, tanks, and open pits, or intentional venting of natural gas may release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 246 and hydrogen sulfide. • VOCs are carbon-containing substances that readily evaporate into the air. They can combine with nitrogen oxides to form ground-level ozone, which can cause respiratory ailments such as asthma, and decreased lung function (see following page for more information). Examples are benzene and toluene. 2. Particulate Matter is essentially small particles that are suspended in the air and settle to the ground slowly. These particles may be re-suspended if disturbed. The most common sources of particulate matter from oil and gas operations are dust or soil entering the air during pad construction or from traffic on access roads; and diesel exhaust from vehicles or engines used at oil and gas facilities. • PM 10 particles (with diameters less than 10 micrometers or µm) are small enough to be inhaled and can cause adverse health effects. • PM 2.5 particles (with diameters less than 2.5 µm) can lodge deep within the lungs and cause serious health problems. PM 2.5 particles are the main cause of visibility impairment (haze). Secondary particles are formed through chemical reactions involving gases and other particles in the atmosphere. Particles formed in this manner are fine particles (< 2.5 µm). The most common precursor gases involved in these reactions are nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ammonia (NH 3 ). 247 SO 2 , NO x and VOCs are all emitted during oil and gas operations. • For residents living along unpaved roads or near well pads, dust can penetrate their homes causing a nuisance and health problems such as hay fever and allergies. Crops Studies over the last 15 years show that low levels of ozone, most certainly at 50 to 60 parts per billion (34-24 ppb below the federal limit) are detrimental to health. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine I-51
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Oil and Gas at Your Door? A Landown
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About the Oil & Gas Accountability
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Table of Contents Introduction What
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Chapter III, Tips for Landowners Wh
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Introduction Oil and gas developmen
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For the oil we need, unless we choo
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With the recent boom in extraction
Page 15 and 16: Do you own the minerals associated
Page 17 and 18: Chapter I Oil and Gas Development a
Page 19 and 20: TERMS AND CONCEPTS When natural gas
Page 21 and 22: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT In
Page 23 and 24: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT •
Page 25 and 26: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT FIG
Page 29 and 30: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT Sur
Page 31 and 32: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT pan
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Page 35 and 36: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT One
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Page 39 and 40: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT Pro
Page 41 and 42: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT PRO
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Page 45 and 46: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT Plu
Page 49 and 50: NON CONVENTIONAL OIL AND GAS FIGURE
Page 51 and 52: NON CONVENTIONAL OIL AND GAS COALBE
Page 53 and 54: NON CONVENTIONAL OIL AND GAS Cavita
Page 55 and 56: NON CONVENTIONAL OIL AND GAS to pro
Page 57 and 58: IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH OIL AND GAS
Page 65: IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH OIL AND GAS
Page 79 and 80: ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTI
Page 81 and 82: ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTI
Page 83 and 84: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT The
Page 85 and 86: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT to
Page 87 and 88: STAGES OF OIL & GAS DEVELOPMENT FIG
Page 89 and 90: Chapter II Legal and Regulatory Iss
Page 91 and 92: Who Owns the Minerals Beneath Your
Page 93 and 94: WHO OWNS THE MINERALS BENEATH YOUR
Page 95 and 96: MINERAL VS SURFACE RIGHTS er, can b
Page 97 and 98: MINERAL VS SURFACE RIGHTS • In th
Page 99 and 100: REGULATIONS AND SURFACE OWNER PROTE
Page 101 and 102: Exploration Before a company can en
Page 109 and 110: Other Protections Statutes and regu
Page 113 and 114: face owner to participate in this o
Page 115 and 116: Chapter III Tips for Landowners WHA
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS Surface Use
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS Powder River
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS operations t
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS ment payment
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS Reported Com
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS Examples of
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS ed by this A
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS 12. Dry Hole
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS 25. Firearms
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SURFACE USE AGREEMENTS in whole or
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LEASING Annual Reclamation Requirem
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LEASING • Within the mineral leas
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LEASING • Requiring landowner app
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OTHER ACTIVITIES TO CONSIDER Push f
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OTHER ACTIVITIES TO CONSIDER analys
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FILE LAWSUITS amendment also requir
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FILE LAWSUITS Landowners are Winnin
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Chapter IV Landowner Stories As has
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1. CBM DESTROYS RETIREMENT DREAM By
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has never been a loss of vegetation
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Board came. They accused her of pou
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4. COUNTY OFFICIALS SAY RESIDENTS I
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First, why we did not sign a surfac
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Here is part of a description of on
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cases the agents called and visited
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10. ONE RANCH FAMILY’S STRUGGLE W
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shrubs are now roads, drill pads or
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County and the drilling company to
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opment in their backyards. This is
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After reading Colborn’s memo, I t
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17. WYOMING LANDOWNERS FACE CONDEMN
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involved in a private property issu
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Sources of Information Resources on
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Sources of Information Petroleum Te
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Sources of Information East of Huaj
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Sources of Information NONPROFIT OR
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Sources of Information Native Actio
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Sources of Information STATE REGULA
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Glossary of Oil and Gas Terms A aba
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chain of title Recorded transfers (
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egress The act of getting out or le
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H heavy oil Hydrocarbons composed o
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mineral estate The ownership of min
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petroleum A substance occurring nat
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einjection The introduction of prod
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sour gas Natural gas containing sig
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venting release of gases to atmosph
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Endnotes 1 Thomas, K. 2001. Produce
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57 U.S. EPA. October, 2000. p. 38.
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121 Griffiths, Mary and Marr-Laing,
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187 Kuuskraa, Vello A. (Advanced Re
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236 Otsego County Planning Commissi
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287 USGS. 1997. See endnote 284. 28
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354 Trujillo, Shirena. August 27, 2
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Oklahoma: Oklahoma Statutes. 52-4-3
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Financial Assurance - Colorado: Col
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470 Scheider, Keith. “Ax the $Bil
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Index I-31, I-33, I-60, I-63 conven
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Index mitigation I-31, IV-20 monito
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Index I-52, I-65, III-10 treatment
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