Oil and Gas at Your Door? (2005 Edition) - Earthworks
Oil and Gas at Your Door? (2005 Edition) - Earthworks
Oil and Gas at Your Door? (2005 Edition) - Earthworks
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Glossary<br />
form<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
A layer of rock with distinct fe<strong>at</strong>ures such as texture or mineral composition. The thickness of a<br />
geological form<strong>at</strong>ion can range from a few feet to several hundred feet.<br />
form<strong>at</strong>ion fluid<br />
A fluid, such as gas, oil, or w<strong>at</strong>er, th<strong>at</strong> exists in a subsurface or geological form<strong>at</strong>ion.<br />
fracing fluid<br />
A fluid such as w<strong>at</strong>er, oil or acid, used in the hydraulic fracturing process. Under extremely high<br />
hydraulic pressure these fluids are pumped downward through production tubing. The pressure<br />
causes cracks to open in the form<strong>at</strong>ion, <strong>and</strong> the fluid penetr<strong>at</strong>es the form<strong>at</strong>ion through the<br />
cracks. The fluid also carries substances called proppants th<strong>at</strong> hold open the form<strong>at</strong>ion cracks<br />
after hydraulic pressure dissip<strong>at</strong>es. Also known as frac, fracturing or hydraulic fracturing fluid.<br />
fracturing<br />
A method of stimul<strong>at</strong>ing oil or gas production by opening new flow channels in the form<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
surrounding a production well. It involves pumping of crude oil, diesel, w<strong>at</strong>er, or chemical into<br />
a reservoir with such force th<strong>at</strong> the reservoir rock is broken <strong>and</strong> results in gre<strong>at</strong>er flow of oil or<br />
gas from the reservoir. Also known as hydraulic fracturing or fracing.<br />
G<br />
gas well<br />
A well th<strong>at</strong> primarily produces gas. Legal definitions vary among the st<strong>at</strong>es.<br />
gas field<br />
A field containing n<strong>at</strong>ural gas but no oil.<br />
gas injection<br />
A secondary recovery method whereby dry n<strong>at</strong>ural gas or carbon dioxide is injected into an oil<br />
reservoir to increase pressure around the injection well <strong>and</strong> thus increase flow <strong>and</strong> oil production<br />
from nearby wells.<br />
gas processing<br />
Separ<strong>at</strong>ion of oil <strong>and</strong> gas, <strong>and</strong> removal of impurities <strong>and</strong> from n<strong>at</strong>ural gas.<br />
g<strong>at</strong>hering line<br />
A pipeline th<strong>at</strong> transports oil or gas from a central point of production to a gas transmission line<br />
or mainline.<br />
gel<br />
A semisolid, jellylike substance.<br />
geologist<br />
A scientist who g<strong>at</strong>hers <strong>and</strong> interprets d<strong>at</strong>a pertaining to the form<strong>at</strong>ions of the earth's crust.<br />
grant<br />
To give title or ownership by deed or other instrument to another.<br />
greenhouse gases<br />
<strong>Gas</strong>es (e.g., w<strong>at</strong>er vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, CFCs, <strong>and</strong> ozone) th<strong>at</strong> alter<br />
thermal properties of <strong>at</strong>mosphere.<br />
Glossary-6
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