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plc wiring - 3.3 Outputs from PLCs are often relays, but they can also be solid state electronics such as transistors for DC outputs or Triacs for AC outputs. Continuous outputs require special output cards with digital to analog converters. Inputs come from sensors that translate physical phenomena into electrical signals. Typical examples of sensors are listed below in relative order of popularity. Proximity Switches - use inductance, capacitance or light to detect an object logically. Switches - mechanical mechanisms will open or close electrical contacts for a logical signal. Potentiometer - measures angular positions continuously, using resistance. LVDT (linear variable differential transformer) - measures linear displacement continuously using magnetic coupling. Inputs for a PLC come in a few basic varieties, the simplest are AC and DC inputs. Sourcing and sinking inputs are also popular. This output method dictates that a device does not supply any power. Instead, the device only switches current on or off, like a simple switch. Sinking - When active the output allows current to flow to a common ground. This is best selected when different voltages are supplied. Sourcing - When active, current flows from a supply, through the output device and to ground. This method is best used when all devices use a single supply voltage. This is also referred to as NPN (sinking) and PNP (sourcing). PNP is more popular. This will be covered in detail in the chapter on sensors. 3.2.1 Inputs In smaller PLCs the inputs are normally built in and are specified when purchasing the PLC. For larger PLCs the inputs are purchased as modules, or cards, with 8 or 16 inputs of the same type on each card. For discussion purposes we will discuss all inputs as if they have been purchased as cards. The list below shows typical ranges for input voltages, and is roughly in order of popularity. 12-24 Vdc 100-120 Vac 10-60 Vdc 12-24 Vac/dc www.PAControl.com
plc wiring - 3.4 5 Vdc (TTL) 200-240 Vac 48 Vdc 24 Vac PLC input cards rarely supply power, this means that an external power supply is needed to supply power for the inputs and sensors. The example in Figure 3.2 shows how to connect an AC input card. 24 V AC Power Supply Hot Neut. normally open push-button PLC Input Card 24V AC 00 01 02 03 04 normally open temperature switch 05 06 07 COM Pushbutton (bob:3:I.Data.1) it is in rack "bob" slot 3 Tempsensor (bob:3:I.Data.3) Note: inputs are normally high impedance. This means that they will use very little current. Figure 3.2 An AC Input Card and Ladder Logic www.PAControl.com
Page 1 and 2: ST1 B T2 A T1 C * B T3 page 0 ST3 T
Page 3 and 4: page i 1.1 TODO LIST 1.3 2. PROGRAM
Page 5 and 6: page iii 7.5 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS 7.
Page 7 and 8: page v 14.3 PROGRAMS 14.3 14.4 VARI
Page 9 and 10: page vii 20.4 PRACTICE PROBLEMS 20.
Page 11 and 12: page ix 25.2 CONTROL OF LOGICAL ACT
Page 13 and 14: page xi 30. HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE
Page 15 and 16: page xiii 35.16 P 35.21 35.17 Q 35.
Page 17 and 18: plc wiring - 1.2 • Linear - Can b
Page 19 and 20: plc wiring - 1.4 - update serial IO
Page 21 and 22: plc wiring - 2.2 logic diagrams was
Page 23 and 24: plc wiring - 2.4 115VAC wall plug r
Page 25 and 26: plc wiring - 2.6 A B B Note: When A
Page 27 and 28: plc wiring - 2.8 number there. The
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Page 31 and 32: plc wiring - 2.12 x Normally open,
Page 33 and 34: plc wiring - 2.14 Solution: There a
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Page 37: plc wiring - 3.2 allows the PLC to
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Page 49 and 50: plc wiring - 3.14 ing large power l
Page 51 and 52: plc wiring - 3.16 The lines of thes
Page 53 and 54: plc wiring - 3.18 In the wiring dia
Page 55 and 56: plc wiring - 3.20 temperature norma
Page 57 and 58: plc wiring - 3.22 3.6 SUMMARY • P
Page 59 and 60: plc wiring - 3.24 show all necessar
Page 61 and 62: plc wiring - 3.26 12. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Page 63 and 64: plc wiring - 3.28 16. relay output
Page 65 and 66: discrete sensors - 4.1 4. LOGICAL S
Page 67 and 68: discrete sensors - 4.3 4.2.2 Transi
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Page 71 and 72: discrete sensors - 4.7 PLC Input Ca
Page 73 and 74: discrete sensors - 4.9 PLC Input Ca
Page 75 and 76: discrete sensors - 4.11 4.3 PRESENC
Page 77 and 78: discrete sensors - 4.13 components,
Page 79 and 80: discrete sensors - 4.15 emitter obj
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Page 85 and 86: discrete sensors - 4.21 electrode m
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discrete sensors - 4.25 shielded un
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discrete sensors - 4.27 4.5 PRACTIC
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discrete sensors - 4.29 in:2.I.Data
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discrete sensors - 4.31 4. 24Vdc ou
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discrete sensors - 4.33 6. 00 01 02
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discrete sensors - 4.35 8. + power
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discrete sensors - 4.37 4. a) Show
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discrete actuators - 5.2 As mention
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discrete actuators - 5.4 Two way, t
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discrete actuators - 5.6 single act
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discrete actuators - 5.8 Figure 5.6
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discrete actuators - 5.10 5.8 OTHER
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discrete actuators - 5.12 3. ADD SO
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plc boolean - 6.2 Note: By conventi
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plc boolean - 6.4 Idempotent A + A
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plc boolean - 6.6 6.3 LOGIC DESIGN
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plc boolean - 6.8 Ladder Logic for
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plc boolean - 6.10 der logic there
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plc boolean - 6.12 A = B⋅ C⋅ (
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plc boolean - 6.14 A+ CA = A+ C pro
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plc boolean - 6.16 D1 D2 D3 multipl
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plc boolean - 6.18 Solution: D = A+
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plc boolean - 6.20 The inputs and o
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plc boolean - 6.22 A = ( S⋅ M⋅
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plc boolean - 6.24 • Truth tables
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plc boolean - 6.26 b) Simplify the
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plc boolean - 6.28 2. A B D C 3. B
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plc boolean - 6.30 9. a) ( A+ B)
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plc boolean - 6.32 A B C B C D C A
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plc boolean - 6.34 17. D A Y 18. CA
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plc boolean - 6.36 c) A X B A C C A
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plc boolean - 6.38 2. Simplify the
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plc karnaugh - 7.1 7. KARNAUGH MAPS
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plc karnaugh - 7.3 expression. The
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plc karnaugh - 7.5 7.3 PRACTICE PRO
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plc karnaugh - 7.7 5. Examine the t
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plc karnaugh - 7.9 Boolean equation
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plc karnaugh - 7.11 13. Consider th
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plc karnaugh - 7.13 5. 00 FG 01 11
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plc karnaugh - 7.15 9. CD AB AB A B
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plc karnaugh - 7.17 12. DA + ACD AB
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plc karnaugh - 7.19 4. Convert the
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plc operation - 8.2 inputs and outp
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plc operation - 8.4 input scan take
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plc operation - 8.6 8.3 PLC STATUS
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plc operation - 8.8 outputs are not
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plc timers - 9.1 9. LATCHES, TIMERS
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plc timers - 9.3 The operation of t
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plc timers - 9.5 I/0 O/0 I/0 O/1 L
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plc timers - 9.7 oven has been turn
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plc timers - 9.9 The timing diagram
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plc timers - 9.11 go TON t_1 delay
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plc timers - 9.13 Start Stop Auto A
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plc timers - 9.15 A CTU Counter exa
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plc timers - 9.17 The program in Fi
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plc timers - 9.19 9.6 INTERNAL BITS
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plc timers - 9.21 Solution: A TON P
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plc timers - 9.23 Solution: Motor S
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plc timers - 9.25 Solution: Go Stop
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plc timers - 9.27 Solution: TS1 LS1
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plc timers - 9.29 8. Complete the t
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plc timers - 9.31 17. Design a conv
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plc timers - 9.33 7. A RTF Timer t
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plc timers - 9.35 9. input TON RTO
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plc timers - 9.37 14. A delay.DN TO
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plc timers - 9.39 16. left_button T
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plc timers - 9.41 18. A T4:0/TT C5:
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plc timers - 9.43 22. GIVE SOLUTION
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plc timers - 9.45 3. Explain what w
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plc design - 10.2 Most control syst
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plc design - 10.4 Description: Step
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plc design - 10.6 step4 bottom LS s
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plc design - 10.8 Description: A ha
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plc design - 10.10 3. The first wra
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plc design - 10.12 3. (for both sol
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plc design - 10.14 (with latches fi
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plc design - 10.16 a) Start in an i
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plc flowchart - 11.1 11. FLOWCHART
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plc flowchart - 11.3 START Open out
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plc flowchart - 11.5 STEP 1: Add la
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plc flowchart - 11.7 STEP 2: Write
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plc flowchart - 11.9 F2 start MCR U
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plc flowchart - 11.11 F6 MCR L outl
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plc flowchart - 11.13 FS F1 F6 T1 T
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plc flowchart - 11.15 11.4 SUMMARY
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plc flowchart - 11.17 2. Start Get
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plc flowchart - 11.19 F3 gas can fu
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plc flowchart - 11.21 first scan L
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plc flowchart - 11.23 ST3 button re
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plc flowchart - 11.25 ST8 button re
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plc flowchart - 11.27 3. A welding
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plc states - 12.1 12. STATE BASED D
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plc states - 12.3 be active while c
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plc states - 12.5 Red Yellow Green
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plc states - 12.7 Step 2: Define St
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plc states - 12.9 RESET THE STATES
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plc states - 12.11 FIRST STATE WAIT
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plc states - 12.13 FOURTH STATE WAI
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plc states - 12.15 first scan L STB
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plc states - 12.17 Informally, Stat
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plc states - 12.19 Now, simplify th
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plc states - 12.21 OUTPUT LOGIC FOR
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plc states - 12.23 Each of the alte
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plc states - 12.25 A state diagram
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plc states - 12.27 CALCULATE STATE
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plc states - 12.29 STA T5 B T4 D ST
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plc states - 12.31 4. Given the fol
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plc states - 12.33 24 V AC Power Su
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plc states - 12.35 3. T1 T2 = ST1
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plc states - 12.37 5. TA TB TC TD T
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plc states - 12.39 first scan MCR L
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plc states - 12.41 state 3 MCR rese
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plc states - 12.43 FS L state_1 U s
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plc states - 12.45 state_4 MCR remo
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plc states - 12.47 ST1 remote T1 bu
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plc states - 12.49 12.5 ASSIGNMENT
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plc states - 12.51 6. Implement the
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plc states - 12.53 using an equatio
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plc states - 12.55 INPUTS I/1 - sta
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plc numbers - 13.2 decimal binary o
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plc numbers - 13.4 start with decim
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plc numbers - 13.6 There are three
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plc numbers - 13.8 decimal binary b
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plc numbers - 13.10 13.2.2 Other Ba
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plc numbers - 13.12 Figure 13.17 AS
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plc numbers - 13.14 An example of a
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plc numbers - 13.16 DATA 124 43 255
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plc numbers - 13.18 a) from base 10
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plc numbers - 13.20 17. Do the foll
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plc numbers - 13.22 14. octal binar
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plc memory - 14.1 14. PLC MEMORY To
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plc memory - 14.3 14.3 PROGRAMS The
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plc memory - 14.5 8 - an integer 8.
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plc memory - 14.7 CU - count up bit
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plc memory - 14.9 Immediately acces
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plc memory - 14.11 A selected list
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plc memory - 14.13 onds after it ha
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plc memory - 14.15 10. first scan R
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plc basic functions - 15.2 Combinat
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plc basic functions - 15.4 A MOV So
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plc basic functions - 15.6 store th
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plc basic functions - 15.8 ACS(valu
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plc basic functions - 15.10 go CPT
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plc basic functions - 15.12 15.2.4.
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plc basic functions - 15.14 copy an
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plc basic functions - 15.16 EQU A B
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plc basic functions - 15.18 CMP exp
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plc basic functions - 15.20 Figure
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plc basic functions - 15.22 after a
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plc basic functions - 15.24 As desi
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plc basic functions - 15.26 • Val
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plc basic functions - 15.28 15.7 PR
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plc basic functions - 15.30 5. addr
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plc basic functions - 15.32 S2 part
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plc basic functions - 15.34 11. AND
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plc advanced functions - 16.1 16. A
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plc advanced functions - 16.3 Arith
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plc advanced functions - 16.5 A FFL
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plc advanced functions - 16.7 A SQO
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plc advanced functions - 16.9 A B C
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plc advanced functions - 16.11 Main
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plc advanced functions - 16.13 A B
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plc advanced functions - 16.15 Main
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plc advanced functions - 16.17 A X
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plc advanced functions - 16.19 e.g.
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plc advanced functions - 16.21 S:FS
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plc advanced functions - 16.23 STA
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plc advanced functions - 16.25 16.6
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plc advanced functions - 16.27 4. W
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plc advanced functions - 16.29 b[0]
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plc advanced functions - 16.31 3. a
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plc advanced functions - 16.33 S3 S
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plc advanced functions - 16.35 10.
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plc advanced functions - 16.37 16.1
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plc iec61131 - 17.1 17. OPEN CONTRO
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plc iec61131 - 17.3 Name Type Bits
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plc iec61131 - 17.5 technique.) i)
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plc il - 18.2 I:000/00 I:000/01 O:0
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plc il - 18.4 Operator Modifiers Da
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plc il - 18.6 mally using the MPS,
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plc il - 18.8 value. I:001/0 TON Ti
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plc il - 18.10 • The Allen Bradle
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plc st - 19.2 PROGRAM main VAR i :
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plc st - 19.4 When defining variabl
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plc st - 19.6 Character strings def
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plc st - 19.8 AND(A,B) OR(A,B) XOR(
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plc st - 19.10 The example in Figur
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plc st - 19.12 Function ABS(A); ACO
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plc st - 19.14 .... D := TEST(1.3,
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plc st - 19.16 19.4 SUMMARY • Str
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plc sfc - 20.1 20. SEQUENTIAL FUNCT
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plc sfc - 20.3 selection branch - a
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plc sfc - 20.5 press will then retr
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plc sfc - 20.7 first scan INITIALIZ
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plc sfc - 20.9 transition 5 top lim
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plc sfc - 20.11 step 6 U step 6 L t
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plc sfc - 20.13 Program 3 (for step
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plc sfc - 20.15 ST2 TR8 ST2 TR13 FS
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plc sfc - 20.17 20.4 PRACTICE PROBL
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plc sfc - 20.19 2. Start EW crosswa
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plc sfc - 20.21 4. step 1 step 2 T1
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plc sfc - 20.23 T1 remote L step 3
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plc sfc - 20.25 step 1 step 2 step
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plc fb - 21.2 A FBD program is cons
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plc fb - 21.4 Figure 21.6 shows a d
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plc analog - 22.1 22. ANALOG INPUTS
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plc analog - 22.3 A more realistic
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plc analog - 22.5 R = 2 N = R max -
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plc analog - 22.7 Figure 22.6 Low S
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plc analog - 22.9 ASIDE: This devic
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plc analog - 22.11 (Note: each type
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plc analog - 22.13 important if the
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plc analog - 22.15 Given, N = 8, R
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plc analog - 22.17 tion will change
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plc analog - 22.19 A t V eff = A A
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plc analog - 22.21 flow. The resist
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plc analog - 22.23 • Analog shiel
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plc analog - 22.25 5. A card with a
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plc analog - 22.27 7. A SIN Source
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plc analog - 22.29 22.8 ASSIGNMENT
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continuous sensors - 23.2 terized w
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continuous sensors - 23.4 θ max θ
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continuous sensors - 23.6 sensors r
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continuous sensors - 23.8 Normally
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continuous sensors - 23.10 A rod dr
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continuous sensors - 23.12 on off o
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continuous sensors - 23.14 Sealant
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continuous sensors - 23.16 After th
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continuous sensors - 23.18 stress d
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continuous sensors - 23.20 23.2.5 L
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continuous sensors - 23.22 These se
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continuous sensors - 23.24 result i
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continuous sensors - 23.26 very hig
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continuous sensors - 23.28 mV 80 E
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continuous sensors - 23.30 Thermist
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continuous sensors - 23.32 23.2.9 O
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continuous sensors - 23.34 The circ
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continuous sensors - 23.36 put is p
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continuous sensors - 23.38 ratio. I
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continuous sensors - 23.40 10. enco
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continuous actuators - 24.1 24. CON
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continuous actuators - 24.3 command
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continuous actuators - 24.5 wear, w
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continuous actuators - 24.7 ASIDE:
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continuous actuators - 24.9 L2 L1 L
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continuous actuators - 24.11 torque
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continuous actuators - 24.13 • Si
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continuous actuators - 24.15 runnin
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continuous actuators - 24.21 cally
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continuous actuators - 24.23 e f =
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continuous actuators - 24.25 24.5 S
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continuous actuators - 24.27 a) (an
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plc pid - 25.2 valve a) Water Tank
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plc pid - 25.4 to a process, and tu
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plc pid - 25.6 θ neural desired +
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plc pid - 25.8 next two sections de
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plc pid - 25.10 Figure 25.10 A Comb
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plc pid - 25.12 25.3.4 PID Control
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plc pid - 25.14 PID Control Block:
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plc pid - 25.16 S2:1/15 - first sca
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plc pid - 25.18 SOLUTION Analog Inp
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plc pid - 25.20 BT9:0/DN BT9:2/EN B
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plc pid - 25.22 25.7 PRACTICE PROBL
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plc pid - 25.24 7. S2:1/15 - first
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plc pid - 25.26 25.8 ASSIGNMENT PRO
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plc fuzzy - 26.1 26. FUZZY LOGIC T
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plc fuzzy - 26.3 1. If (bucket is f
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plc fuzzy - 26.5 1. If v error is L
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plc fuzzy - 26.7 final motor contro
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plc fuzzy - 26.9 response will be s
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plc serial - 27.2 An example of a n
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plc serial - 27.4 A typical data by
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plc serial - 27.6 Modem Computer co
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plc serial - 27.8 RI - (ring indica
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plc serial - 27.10 ABL(channel, con
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plc serial - 27.12 ACI String ST9:1
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plc serial - 27.14 on many new inst
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plc serial - 27.16 5. Write a progr
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plc serial - 27.18 5. MOV Source F8
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plc network - 28.1 28. NETWORKING
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plc network - 28.3 ... R Repeater R
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plc network - 28.5 that syntax, for
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plc network - 28.7 28.1.4 Control N
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plc network - 28.9 • Data packet
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plc network - 28.11 MG9:0/EN MSG Se
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plc network - 28.13 1 bit 11 bits 1
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plc network - 28.15 46 to 1500 byte
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plc network - 28.17 1 byte 1 byte D
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plc network - 28.19 CMD 00 01 02 05
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plc network - 28.21 Table 1: Networ
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plc network - 28.23 Figure 28.17 A
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plc network - 28.25 2. MG9:0/EN MG9
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plc network - 28.27 b) MG9:0/EN MSG
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plc network - 28.29 to advance a he
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plc internet - 29.2 Aside: Open a D
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plc internet - 29.4 SMTP (Simple Ma
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plc internet - 29.6 Aside: While lo
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plc internet - 29.8 • A client do
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plc internet - 29.10 Windows machin
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plc hmi - 30.1 30. HUMAN MACHINE IN
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plc hmi - 30.3 1. Who needs what in
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plc electrical - 31.1 31. ELECTRICA
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plc electrical - 31.3 terminals pow
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plc electrical - 31.5 L1 L2 L3 star
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plc electrical - 31.7 L1 L2 L3 M M
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plc electrical - 31.9 31.2.2 Ground
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plc electrical - 31.11 Note: Always
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plc electrical - 31.13 31.2.4 Suppr
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plc electrical - 31.15 Dirt - Dust
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plc electrical - 31.17 more sensiti
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plc electrical - 31.19 • Use NO b
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plc electrical - 31.21 4. Why are n
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plc software - 32.2 Sabotage - For
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plc software - 32.4 provides good t
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plc software - 32.6 Table 1: ANSI/I
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plc software - 32.8 orifice plate m
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plc software - 32.10 Each block in
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plc software - 32.12 2. A basic mod
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plc software - 32.14 Project Notes
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plc software - 32.16 Application No
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plc software - 32.18 Internal Locat
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plc software - 32.20 These design s
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plc software - 32.22 ures to the to
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plc software - 32.24 2. When should
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plc selection - 33.2 • Determine
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plc selection - 33.4 PLC MEMORY TIM
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plc selection - 33.6 Typical values
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plc selection - 33.8 ized programmi
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plc selection - 33.10 33.4 PRACTICE
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plc function ref - 34.2 IIN, IOT -
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plc function ref - 34.4 MCR - Maste
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plc function ref - 34.6 CTD - CounT
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plc function ref - 34.8 TOF - Timer
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plc function ref - 34.10 RTO - Rete
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plc function ref - 34.12 FBC, DDT -
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plc function ref - 34.14 34.1.5 Cal
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plc function ref - 34.16 AVE, STD -
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plc function ref - 34.18 FRD, TOD,
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plc function ref - 34.20 34.1.6 Log
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plc function ref - 34.22 MVM - MoVe
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plc function ref - 34.24 FAL - File
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plc function ref - 34.26 FSC - File
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plc function ref - 34.28 FFL, FFU,
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plc function ref - 34.30 SQO - SeQu
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plc function ref - 34.32 JSR/SBR/RE
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plc function ref - 34.34 34.1.11 Ad
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plc function ref - 34.36 PID - Prop
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plc function ref - 34.38 ACI, AIC -
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plc function ref - 34.40 ARD, ARL -
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plc function ref - 34.42 AWT, AWA -
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plc function ref - 34.44 Table 1: I
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plc glossary - 35.2 analysis - the
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plc glossary - 35.4 decimal(base 10
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plc glossary - 35.6 CAD (Computer A
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plc glossary - 35.8 intermittent no
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plc glossary - 35.10 geometric dime
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plc glossary - 35.12 EPROM (Erasabl
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plc glossary - 35.14 ground - a bur
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plc glossary - 35.16 IOR (Inclusive
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plc glossary - 35.18 pneumatic syst
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plc glossary - 35.20 nonpositive di
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plc glossary - 35.22 photon - a sin
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plc glossary - 35.24 after a US fed
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plc glossary - 35.26 manufacturabil
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plc glossary - 35.28 time-proportio
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plc glossary - 35.30 it assumes the
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plc references - 36.2 USA. Telemech
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plc references - 36.4 Second Editio
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gfdl - 37.1 37. GNU Free Documentat
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gfdl - 37.3 cially, provided that t
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gfdl - 37.5 Sections in the Modifie
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gfdl - 37.7 tion License from time
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