Europes ecological backbone.pdf

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Land cover and uses Table 7.2 Changes 1990–2000 and 2000–2006 (% of the first year), by massif Massif Changes 1990–2000 Changes 2000–2006 % no % changes % no data % changes data Alps 13 0.87 13 0.31 Apennines 0 1.04 0 0.57 Atlantic islands 34 0.35 34 0.45 Balkans/South-east Europe 29 0.82 26 0.52 British Isles 86 3.19 86 0.55 Carpathians 14 2.14 14 0.82 Central European middle mountains 1 * 0.6 2.00 0.6 0.48 Central European middle mountains 2 ** 0 6.33 0 1.44 Eastern Mediterranean islands 25 1.18 76 0.85 French/Swiss middle mountains 13 1.14 13 0.46 Iberian mountains 0 5.38 0 2.55 Nordic mountains 100 – 0 0.68 Pyrenees 0.4 2.98 0.4 1.11 Turkey 100 – 0 0.35 Western Mediterranean islands 0 3.04 0 0.71 Note: * = Belgium and Germany; ** = the Czech Republic, Austria and Germany. No data means that parts of the mountain massif are not covered by CLC data in one or both years. Source: Based on EEA datasets (CLC1990–2000–2006). www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-1990-2000; www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2000-2006. Table 7.3 Contribution of each land‐cover flow to the total change between 1990 and 2000 per massif (in %) Massif LCF1 LCF2 LCF3 LCF4 LCF5 LCF6 LCF7 LCF8 LCF9 Alps 0.46 7.03 3.98 3.09 1.57 4.73 64.94 0.13 14.07 Apennines 0.26 7.66 4.11 11.11 5.24 19.51 46.05 0.85 5.20 Atlantic islands 0.00 34.94 9.16 14.87 33.19 0.21 7.63 0.00 0.00 Balkans/South-east Europe 0.24 0.68 6.49 5.87 3.37 1.22 70.29 1.32 10.52 British Isles 0.07 0.34 0.38 2.20 0.59 1.54 94.62 0.00 0.25 Carpathians 0.06 0.53 0.63 14.05 3.03 8.55 71.91 0.62 0.61 Central European middle mountains 1 * 0.52 7.13 7.63 32.53 0.39 0.74 50.78 0.02 0.27 Central European middle mountains 2 ** 0.42 1.12 1.63 64.53 0.68 1.37 29.99 0.08 0.17 Eastern Mediterranean islands 0.01 0.48 5.49 9.65 21.09 0.10 42.43 0.30 20.45 French/Swiss middle mountains 0.30 3.29 4.16 2.41 5.58 1.71 81.18 0.23 1.14 Iberian mountains 0.19 1.47 2.33 10.65 9.49 4.42 60.36 1.21 9.89 Pyrenees 0.21 1.51 2.73 5.39 0.95 2.93 60.18 0.56 25.53 Western Mediterranean islands 0.17 6.10 1.64 2.01 3.14 41.56 18.93 0.05 26.40 All massifs 0.22 2.02 2.64 14.25 5.53 5.25 61.13 0.78 8.18 Note: * = Belgium and Germany; ** = the Czech Republic, Austria and Germany. Source: Based on EEA datasets (CLC1990–2000). www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-1990-2000. 118 Europe's ecological backbone: recognising the true value of our mountains
Land cover and uses Table 7.4 Contribution of each land‐cover flow to the total amount of change between 2000 and 2006 per massif (in %) Massif LCF1 LCF2 LCF3 LCF4 LCF5 LCF6 LCF7 LCF8 LCF9 Alps 0.46 3.59 10.52 0.18 0.49 0.25 58.70 0.06 25.77 Apennines 0.79 2.67 5.58 3.10 3.54 1.50 77.08 1.23 4.51 Atlantic islands 2.39 32.09 18.93 5.80 1.68 0.00 14.18 0.00 24.93 Balkans/South-east Europe 0.46 4.62 5.67 6.80 2.73 3.13 71.34 1.46 3.78 British Isles 0.04 0.74 0.58 0.58 0.08 5.36 92.62 0.00 0.00 Carpathians 0.25 0.83 1.94 8.17 0.50 3.15 85.12 0.05 0.00 Central European middle mountains 1 * 2.96 6.54 5.78 1.90 1.00 0.19 81.52 0.04 0.06 Central European middle mountains 2 ** 1.12 0.99 4.99 40.25 2.57 2.39 46.60 0.88 0.22 Eastern Mediterranean islands 0.51 18.99 7.05 0.04 11.68 0.00 60.64 0.00 1.10 French/Swiss middle mountains 2.10 6.69 8.17 0.53 0.85 0.19 78.06 0.19 3.22 Iberian mountains 0.91 0.61 5.16 7.27 6.12 1.07 65.10 0.16 13.60 Nordic mountains 0.02 0.25 2.26 0.02 0.08 0.01 90.02 0.26 7.07 Pyrenees 1.22 1.26 5.26 7.97 0.69 0.18 38.91 1.01 43.51 Turkey 2.24 1.02 9.78 5.14 5.34 0.73 66.64 5.22 3.89 Western Mediterranean islands 0.32 1.52 1.91 0.20 2.69 1.30 39.43 2.78 49.85 All massifs 0.86 1.59 5.23 6.28 3.53 1.26 70.45 0.97 9.83 Note: * = Belgium and Germany; ** = the Czech Republic, Austria and Germany. Source: Based on EEA datasets (CLC2000–2006). www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2000-2006. Overall, 'forest creation and management' (LCF7) was the dominant land‐cover flow during both time periods (Figure 7.7) and was more pronounced in 2000–2006. For the massifs for which a comparison is possible, the rates were considerably higher in 1990–2000 in the Pyrenees and slightly higher in the Alps and French–Swiss middle mountains, while the converse was true for 2000–2006 particularly in the Apennines, Carpathians and central European middle mountains and less so in the Iberian mountains. However, in the relatively little-forested mountains of the Atlantic islands, 'urban residential sprawl' (LCF2) was the dominant change in both periods, which is probably related to the impact of the tourism sector. In addition, a significant 'conversion from forested and natural land to agriculture' (LCF5) was observed in 1990–2000, which could be a consequence of more human activity. In the mountains of the western Mediterranean islands 'withdrawal of farming' (LCF6) was the major change in 1990–2000, but not in 2000–2006. A further massif where LCF7 was not the dominant change in 1990–2006 was the central European middle mountains 2: 'agricultural internal conversion' (LCF4) was the dominant change, and second in importance in 2000–2006, as discussed in Section 7.3.1 with regard to the Czech Republic. This flow was also important in central European middle mountains 1 in 1990–2000. The same analysis was performed at country level (Table 7.6), although in this case the changes were calculated on an annual basis in order to avoid the effect of time difference in data delivery. Europe's ecological backbone: recognising the true value of our mountains 119
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EEA Report No 6/2010 Europe's ecolo
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Cover design: EEA Cover photo © Ca
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Contents 7 Land cover and uses.....
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Acknowledgements Box 1.5: Maja Vasi
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Acknowledgements Chapter 8 Mountain
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Executive summary general, populati
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Executive summary Among all Europe'
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Introduction and background Interna
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Introduction and background same co
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Introduction and background instrum
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Introduction and background coopera
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Introduction and background instrum
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Introduction and background Box 1.4
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Introduction and background made. W
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Introduction and background Map 1.2
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Introduction and background require
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Introduction and background Map 1.3
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Mountain people: status and trends
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Mountain economies and accessibilit
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Ecosystem services from Europe's mo
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Page 70 and 71: Ecosystem services from Europe's mo
Page 76 and 77: Climate change and Europe's mountai
Page 88 and 89: The water towers of Europe lowland
Page 90 and 91: The water towers of Europe Box 6.1
Page 94 and 95: The water towers of Europe Figure 6
Page 96 and 97: The water towers of Europe • Navi
Page 98 and 99: The water towers of Europe in the a
Page 106 and 107: The water towers of Europe (Livings
Page 112 and 113: Land cover and uses 7 Land cover an
Page 114 and 115: Land cover and uses Map 7.2 Dominan
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Page 122 and 123: Land cover and uses Box 7.1 Land us
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Page 126 and 127: Land cover and uses Figure 7.7 Aver
Page 128 and 129: Land cover and uses Box 7.3 Land re
Page 130 and 131: Land cover and uses Box 7.4 Land-us
Page 132 and 133: Land cover and uses Figure 7.11 Con
Page 134 and 135: Land cover and uses country before
Page 136 and 137: Land cover and uses Table 7.8 Natio
Page 138 and 139: Land cover and uses Map 7.6 Area cl
Page 140 and 141: Land cover and uses Box 7.6 Identif
Page 142 and 143: Land cover and uses Table 7.10 Tota
Page 144 and 145: Biodiversity 8 Biodiversity At the
Page 146 and 147: Biodiversity The geographic scope o
Page 148 and 149: Biodiversity Recognising that not a
Page 150 and 151: Biodiversity Figure 8.1 Number of m
Page 152 and 153: Biodiversity Figure 8.3 Habitats in
Page 154 and 155: Biodiversity For each habitat type,
Page 156 and 157: Biodiversity Box 8.2 Alien plants i
Page 158 and 159: Biodiversity Box 8.3 Climate change
Page 160 and 161: Biodiversity The pattern of success
Page 162 and 163: Biodiversity Box 8.4 Recent changes
Page 164 and 165: Protected areas Box 9.1 Sharr Mount
Page 166 and 167: Protected areas 9.1 Natura 2000 sit
Page 168 and 169: Protected areas Table 9.1 Area of N
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Protected areas the mountains of th
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Protected areas Figure 9.3 Distribu
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Protected areas Figure 9.7 Distribu
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Protected areas Figure 9.10 Changes
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Protected areas Box 9.3 Land use de
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Protected areas Figure 9.12 Percent
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Protected areas Box 9.4 Kaçkar Mou
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Protected areas Table 9.7 Area of n
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Protected areas scale. Overlaps are
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Protected areas Box 9.5 Cantabrian
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Integrated approaches to understand
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References References Chapter 1 All
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References European Union, 2010. Pr
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References European Commission, 200
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References Yoshino, M., 2005. Mount
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References World Resources Institut
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References Faggian, P. and Giorgi,
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References Lopez-Moreno, J.I.; Goye
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References Ambrosetti, W. and Barba
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References characteristics of the l
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References Rogora, M., 2007. 'Synch
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References Chapter 7 Aitchison, J.
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References Williamson, T., 2002. Th
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References Lelek, A., 1987. The fre
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References Berthold, P., 2000: Voge
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References years of simulated clima
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References Konstanz, erschienen 199
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References EEA/UNEP, 2004. High nat
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References Innovations in GIS 7. Ta
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Appendix 1 Species Annex Endemic to
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Appendix 2 Appendix 2 Mountain habi
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Appendix 2 Code ( a ) Name Category
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Appendix 2 Code ( a ) Name Category
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TH-AL-10-006-EN-C doi:10.2800/43450
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