Europes ecological backbone.pdf
Europes ecological backbone.pdf
Europes ecological backbone.pdf
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Mountain economies and accessibility<br />
Box 3.3 Transport and accessibility in the Alpine region (cont.)<br />
Map 3.5<br />
Road distance to nearest motorway or major road on base of LAU2-units<br />
(municipalities)<br />
F R A N C E<br />
Genève<br />
!(<br />
Annecy<br />
!(<br />
!.<br />
Lyon<br />
Chambéry<br />
!(<br />
Grenoble<br />
!(<br />
Lausanne<br />
!(<br />
S W I T Z E R -<br />
L A N D<br />
Sion<br />
!(<br />
!(<br />
Bern<br />
!(<br />
Aosta<br />
!( Thun<br />
Torino<br />
!.<br />
Luzern<br />
!(<br />
L I E C H T E N -<br />
S T E I N<br />
Zürich<br />
!(<br />
!(<br />
!(<br />
!(<br />
Bregenz<br />
Lugano !(<br />
Bergamo<br />
!(<br />
!( !.<br />
Brescia<br />
Novara Milano<br />
!(<br />
Vaduz<br />
Chur<br />
G E R M A N Y<br />
!(<br />
Augsburg<br />
!(<br />
Kempten<br />
!(<br />
Verona<br />
Trento<br />
!(<br />
München<br />
!.<br />
!(<br />
Innsbruck<br />
Bolzano/<br />
!( Bozen<br />
Belluno<br />
Venezia<br />
!(<br />
!(<br />
Padova<br />
!(<br />
Steyr<br />
!(<br />
!( Salzburg<br />
Leoben<br />
!(<br />
!( Graz<br />
Klagenfurt<br />
Villach<br />
Maribor<br />
!(<br />
!(<br />
!(<br />
!(<br />
Jesenice<br />
!( Nova<br />
Udine !(<br />
Gorica<br />
!(<br />
Trieste<br />
A U S T R I A<br />
!(<br />
Ljubljana<br />
S L O V E N I A<br />
Wien<br />
!.<br />
Gap<br />
!(<br />
!(<br />
Cuneo<br />
Genova<br />
!(<br />
I T A L Y<br />
!(<br />
Avignon<br />
!(<br />
!(<br />
Nice<br />
Marseille<br />
!.<br />
Draguignan<br />
0 50 100 Km<br />
Institute for<br />
Alpine Environment<br />
Road distance to nearest motorway or major road<br />
Road distance (km) ≤ 5 > 5–15 > 15–25 > 25–35 > 35<br />
≤ 2 > 2–8 > 8–14 > 14–20 > 20<br />
Source: Tappeiner et al., 2008.<br />
Accessibility in the Alps in 1995 was calculated at 3.67 million people within three hours travelling time<br />
(Pfefferkorn et al., 2005, in CIPRA 2007). Assuming that the planned large railway tunnel projects<br />
are completed by 2020, accessibility will rise to an average of 9 million people within three hours,<br />
corresponding to the highest values in 1995. Even the most remote municipalities will reach the average<br />
values of 1995.<br />
Options for future transport development<br />
In the long term, a transformation of the transport system will be needed to achieve the transport<br />
objectives of the Alpine Convention (i.e. polluter-pays principle, modal shift) and to comply with the<br />
objectives of sustainable development. General principles which may contribute to a comprehensive bundle<br />
of measures include:<br />
Europe's <strong>ecological</strong> <strong>backbone</strong>: recognising the true value of our mountains<br />
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