Europes ecological backbone.pdf

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Protected areas Figure 9.12 Percentage of HNV farmland overlapped by Natura 2000 sites inside and outside mountains at country level, and the mountain area of the country Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Luxembourg Malta Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Percentage of the country covered by HNV farmlands % of the HNV overlapped by Natura 2000 inside mountains % of the HNV overlapped by Natura 2000 outside mountains Map 9.3 shows the distribution of nationally designated areas in mountains across Europe for all countries for which data are available in the CDDA database (and can therefore be compared with Figure 9.4), and Tables 9.6 and 9.7 show the area of these sites per country and massif (compare Table 9.1). The following key conclusions may be drawn: • the massifs with the highest proportion of their area in nationally designated areas are the relatively small central European middle mountains (1: 74 %; 2: 40 %) and the French/Swiss middle mountains (36 %); proportions that are far higher than those for Natura 2000 sites in these massifs; • among the larger mountain massifs, the Alps have the largest proportion of their area in NDAs (24 %), including Austria's mountain area and France's mountain area; the proportion in EU Member States (24 %) is higher than for Natura 2000 sites (20 %); • among the larger mountain massifs, the Nordic mountains rank second with respect to area within NDAs (20 %), including the mountain areas of Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Finland; in Island the proportion has recently been increased significantly by the designation of Vatnajökull National Park (Box 7.4); • other large massifs have far less of their area in nationally designated areas; third and fourth in rank are the Carpathians (15 %, including mountain areas in Slovakia and Romania) and the Iberian mountains (14 %, including Spain's and Portugal's mountain areas); for both of these massifs, the proportion of the area within NDAs is significantly less than for Natura 2000 sites (25 % and 34 %, respectively); • considering Europe as a whole, four countries account for nearly half of the total mountain area within nationally designated areas: France; Germany, Norway and Spain; • after Finland, the countries with the highest proportion of their national mountain area in nationally designated areas are Hungary, another country with a small mountain area, and Lichtenstein, which is entirely mountainous; • the countries with the next largest proportions of their mountain area in nationally designated areas are all countries with a considerable mountain area: Spain, Romania, Sweden, France, the United Kingdom and Austria). 9.2.2 Relative area of nationally-designated areas within and outside mountains in the EU‐27, and in relation to Natura 2000 sites In order to assess the representation of NDAs inside mountain massifs within the EU‐27, Figure 9.14 compares the percentage of sites located inside and outside mountains for each country, as well as the proportion of the national area covered by mountains (cf. Table 1.2). Unfortunately, no data were available for Ireland or Poland. Figure 9.14 shows that the proportion of the total area of NDAs in mountains is very high in a number of countries: Cyprus (93 %), Slovakia (91 %), Austria (89 %), Italy (87 %), Bulgaria (84 %), Greece (81 %), Spain (80 %) and Slovenia (73 %). These are the same mountainous countries with a similarly large proportion of their 178 Europe's ecological backbone: recognising the true value of our mountains
Protected areas Figure 9.13 Distribution of nationally designated areas in mountain massifs % 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Alps Apennines Atlantic islands Balkans/South-east Europe % of the total massif area covered by NDAs British Isles Carpathians Central European middle mountains 1 * Eastern Mediterranean islands Central European middle mountains 2 ** % of the total area of NDAs in Europe per massif Nordic mountains French/Swiss middle mountains Iberian mountains Pyrenees % of the total area of NDAs per massif Turkey Western Mediterranean islands Total Note: * = Belgium and Germany; ** = the Czech Republic, Austria and Germany. Map 9.3 Distribution of nationally designated areas in mountain areas -30° -20° -10° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° Distribution of nationally designated areas (NDA) Nationally designated areas Mountain massifs 60° Alps Apennines 50° Atlantic islands Balkans/ South-east Europe British Isles Carpathians 50° Central European middle mountains 1 * Central European middle mountains 2 ** 40° Eastern Mediterranean islands French/Swiss middle mountains Iberian mountains 40° Nordic mountains Pyrenees Turkey -20° Canary Is. Azores Is. -30° 30° Western Mediterranean islands 30° 40° 30° 0° Madeira Is. 10° 20° 0 500 30° 1000 1500 km 40° Note: * = Belgium and Germany; ** = the Czech Republic, Austria and Germany. NDAs in the mountains of Andorra, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ireland, Luxembourg, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland and Ukraine are not shown as data are unavailable. Europe's ecological backbone: recognising the true value of our mountains 179
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EEA Report No 6/2010 Europe's ecolo
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Cover design: EEA Cover photo © Ca
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Contents 7 Land cover and uses.....
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Acknowledgements Box 1.5: Maja Vasi
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Acknowledgements Chapter 8 Mountain
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Executive summary general, populati
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Executive summary Among all Europe'
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Introduction and background Interna
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Introduction and background same co
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Introduction and background instrum
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Introduction and background coopera
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Introduction and background instrum
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Introduction and background Box 1.4
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Introduction and background made. W
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Introduction and background Map 1.2
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Introduction and background require
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Introduction and background Map 1.3
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Mountain people: status and trends
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Mountain economies and accessibilit
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Ecosystem services from Europe's mo
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Climate change and Europe's mountai
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The water towers of Europe lowland
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The water towers of Europe Box 6.1
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The water towers of Europe Figure 6
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The water towers of Europe • Navi
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The water towers of Europe in the a
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The water towers of Europe (Livings
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Land cover and uses 7 Land cover an
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Land cover and uses Map 7.2 Dominan
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Land cover and uses Table 7.1 Distr
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Land cover and uses Figure 7.3 Land
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Land cover and uses Table 7.2 Chang
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Land cover and uses Box 7.1 Land us
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Land cover and uses Box 7.1 Land us
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Land cover and uses Figure 7.7 Aver
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Land cover and uses Box 7.3 Land re
Page 130 and 131: Land cover and uses Box 7.4 Land-us
Page 132 and 133: Land cover and uses Figure 7.11 Con
Page 134 and 135: Land cover and uses country before
Page 136 and 137: Land cover and uses Table 7.8 Natio
Page 138 and 139: Land cover and uses Map 7.6 Area cl
Page 140 and 141: Land cover and uses Box 7.6 Identif
Page 142 and 143: Land cover and uses Table 7.10 Tota
Page 144 and 145: Biodiversity 8 Biodiversity At the
Page 146 and 147: Biodiversity The geographic scope o
Page 148 and 149: Biodiversity Recognising that not a
Page 150 and 151: Biodiversity Figure 8.1 Number of m
Page 152 and 153: Biodiversity Figure 8.3 Habitats in
Page 154 and 155: Biodiversity For each habitat type,
Page 156 and 157: Biodiversity Box 8.2 Alien plants i
Page 158 and 159: Biodiversity Box 8.3 Climate change
Page 160 and 161: Biodiversity The pattern of success
Page 162 and 163: Biodiversity Box 8.4 Recent changes
Page 164 and 165: Protected areas Box 9.1 Sharr Mount
Page 166 and 167: Protected areas 9.1 Natura 2000 sit
Page 168 and 169: Protected areas Table 9.1 Area of N
Page 170 and 171: Protected areas the mountains of th
Page 172 and 173: Protected areas Figure 9.3 Distribu
Page 174 and 175: Protected areas Figure 9.7 Distribu
Page 176 and 177: Protected areas Figure 9.10 Changes
Page 178 and 179: Protected areas Box 9.3 Land use de
Page 182 and 183: Protected areas Box 9.4 Kaçkar Mou
Page 184 and 185: Protected areas Table 9.7 Area of n
Page 186 and 187: Protected areas scale. Overlaps are
Page 188 and 189: Protected areas Box 9.5 Cantabrian
Page 190 and 191: Integrated approaches to understand
Page 204 and 205: References References Chapter 1 All
Page 206 and 207: References European Union, 2010. Pr
Page 208 and 209: References European Commission, 200
Page 210 and 211: References Yoshino, M., 2005. Mount
Page 212 and 213: References World Resources Institut
Page 214 and 215: References Faggian, P. and Giorgi,
Page 216 and 217: References Lopez-Moreno, J.I.; Goye
Page 218 and 219: References Ambrosetti, W. and Barba
Page 220 and 221: References characteristics of the l
Page 222 and 223: References Rogora, M., 2007. 'Synch
Page 224 and 225: References Chapter 7 Aitchison, J.
Page 226 and 227: References Williamson, T., 2002. Th
Page 228 and 229: References Lelek, A., 1987. The fre
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References Berthold, P., 2000: Voge
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References years of simulated clima
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References Konstanz, erschienen 199
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References EEA/UNEP, 2004. High nat
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References Innovations in GIS 7. Ta
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Appendix 1 Species Annex Endemic to
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Appendix 2 Appendix 2 Mountain habi
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Appendix 2 Code ( a ) Name Category
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Appendix 2 Code ( a ) Name Category
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TH-AL-10-006-EN-C doi:10.2800/43450
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