serikali ya mapinduzi zanzibar care tanzania and department

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flooded ponds or pools around Barringtonia racemosa occupy open locations containing aquatic herbs and other annual weeds. 4.1.2.2 Moist forest mixed with exotic species This sample study is represented in Transect 2. It was the area where harvesting of indigenous timber supplies was concentrated. Timber tree species included Milicia excelsa (25m, few 20m) and Bombax rhodognaphalon, while less important timber trees include Quassia undulata (25-35m high, dbh >0.5m). Exotic species include Cordia alliodora, Mangifera indica, Tabebuia pentaphylla (20m), Tectona grandis (10-20 high, 027-0.47m dbh), Terminalia catappa, Cedrella mexicana, Terminalia ivorensis and Maesopsis eminii. Trees >5m high were not encountered. There were many dead logs of Maesopsis eminii that were cut down to eliminate it. The dead logs support populations of saprophytic mushrooms. Other indigenous species in the middle layer include Chrysalidocarpus (10m high), Pouteria brevipes (10m high), Alangium salvicifolia (10m high), Croton sylvaticus, and Polyscias fulva (20m high). 4.1.2.3 Microsites of open pools/ponds in moist forests These are depressions, which are seasonally wet in rain season, dry out in summer. The edges are surrounded by Anthoclesta and Barringtonia tees. They contain silty mud dry dry black sandy soils that crack as the habitat dries out. Invasive aliens cover the microsites. These include Ludwigia abyssinica, L.jussioaeoides, L.stolonifer, Melastomastrum segregatum, Tristemma mauriatum, Khautia sp., Pentodon pentandrous, Cyperus erectus, C. polystachyus, Fimbristylis longiculmis, Stachytaphytta urticifolia, Vitex doniana, Agathisanthemum bojeri, Scoparia dulcis, Mimosa pudica, Triumfetta rhomboide, Desmodium adscendens, Borreria scabra, Achyranthes aspera. 4.1.2.4 Coastal dry evergreen forest on coral rag This is an equivalent to what Birch (1963) calls an evergreen thicket representing the climax on shallow soils overlying coral limestones (rags). Characteristic species includes Afzelia quanzensis (20-25) which forms clustered patterns on coral rag pavements, Haplocoelum inoploeum which has stunted growth form (5-8m) in coral rag pavements. Others include Pandanus kirkii, Bridelia micrantha (8m) and Calophyllum inophyllum (12m, high, 0.4 dbh). Where coastal coral rag forest is disturbed it forms impenetratable dense bushland with many lianas and climbers including Saba comorensis, Ancylobotrys petesiana, Uvaria ssp.nov. Voacanga africana found on raised beach is not in FTEA for Pemba. Species tolerant of coral rag stress conditions include Sansevieria, Calanthe and Cissus which are characteristically succulent. 4.1.2.5 Coastal evergreen dry forest on sandy soils This is found on the north of the reserve. A peculiar Erica zone 10-20 wide and 50 – 100m from the sea runs parallel to the seacoast. Dodonaea viscosa is also scattered in a narrow band 10-20m deep into the forest from the sand beach. The vegetation community contains many characteristic species of an evergreen dry forest. They include Manilkara sansibarensis (10-25m), Haplocoelum inophylum (7m), Brexia madagascariensis (5m), Terminalia boivinii (20m), Afzelia quanzensis (5-25m), Diospyros consolatae (12m), Lannea schweinfurthii (7-15m), Olea woodiana (15m), 21
Drypetes natalensis (5m), Rauvolfia mombasiana (5m, usually on forest margins), Chrysophyllum lanceolatum (10m), Syzygium cardatum (10-30m, but usually a riverine forest species), Sorindeia madagascariensis (7m, rare), Casaeria gladiiformis (15m), Pandanus kirkii (15m), Vitex ferruginea (12m), Vitex domiana (10m on forest edge) and scattered Chrysalidocarpus, Salacia senegalensis (5m). 4.1.2.6 Coastal evergreen thicket This community occupies a narrow zone on the southwest and gradually fades into moist forest. Its transition to moist forest is indistinct, however the damaged or undisturbed stands of bushes composed of lianas, climbers, branched shrubs and scandent shrubs create thick envelope, which is normally impenetrable. Tree species are small in stature ranging from 3-6m tall, with a discontinuous stratum of emergent trees e.g. Adansonia digitata, Boureria petiolaris (10m), Voacanga Africana (12m), Manilkara sansibarensis (15-20m), Diospyros consolatae (12m) and rare species of Manilkara sulcata. This is a very useful species for building poles, charcoal and fuel wood. Haplocoelum inoploeum is an important plant for its wide clustered distribution usually 7-10m tall. Terminalia boivinii, Pandanus kirkii and Psychotria sp. are rare species. . In some areas Sorindeia madagascariensis forms distributions of isolated population clusters with height range of 10-15m. Distribution of dbh ranges of many species in this community is mostly10-20m (28), 21-30 (12 trees), 31- 40m (3trees). Only 2 species Adansonia digitata and rarely Sorindeia madagascariensis measure above 0.41m dbh. Such vegetation type may be too localized. Birch (1963) says it may be a climax of local significance. Common shrubs and lianas forming impenetrable bushes include Rhoicissus tridentata (liana), Rhoicissus revoilii (liana), Acridocarpus zanzibaricus (shrub/climber), Mystroxylon aethiopicum (liana/shrub), Uvaria sp. (undecided species), Cissus quadrangularis (climber), Cissus rotundifolia, Suregada zanzibarensis and Allophylus pervillea (all lianas/scandent shrubs). Shrubs include Cassipourea gummiflua (usually a mountain tree species 5-20m in moist forest), Vernonia sansibarensis (associated with Erica bushland) Synaptolepis kirkii (drier forest indicator), Pyrostria bibracteata, Antidesma venosum (generalist). Lianas and woody climbers are Salacia madagascariensis, Rhoicissus revoilii, Flagellaria guineensis, Mystroxylum aethiopicum, Ochna sp., Chrysophyllum lanceolatum, Rawsonia Lucida. Lianas and woody climbers are Salacia madagascariensis, Rhoicissus revoilii, flagellaria quineensis, and Mystroxylum aethiopicum. 4.1.2.7 Fresh water swamp forest Fresh water swamp forests are all similar in the coastal of East Africa with the Ngezi forest swamps except for the exotic Quassia indica and Tynophodorum). They about 22 true species in all Burgess et al. (2000). In Ngezi Raphia swamps 7 tree species were recorded. The vegetation type is a variant of moist forest occurring in isolated locations. This made planning of quantitative sampling difficult, because they are small in extents. Beentje (1990), mentions that they follow a narrow belt up to 30m wide. We did not 22
Page 1 and 2: SERIKALI YA MAPINDUZI ZANZIBAR CARE
Page 3 and 4: 4.1.2.7 Fresh water swamp forest…
Page 5 and 6: Zanzibar………………………
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements We would like to t
Page 9 and 10: including Connarus sp.nov., Chrysol
Page 11 and 12: prepared. Conservation programmes w
Page 13 and 14: His advance from hominid origins ha
Page 15 and 16: ♦ During 1957, an Indian merchant
Page 17 and 18: The area of Ngezi - Vumawimbi fores
Page 19 and 20: ancestors in the mountain heathland
Page 21 and 22: to be established. Vegetation types
Page 23 and 24: using the expression: H' max = logk
Page 25 and 26: each day during trap inspection. Tr
Page 27 and 28: 3.5 Legend to threatened and endang
Page 29 and 30: overlying coral limestone 7. Fresh
Page 31: 2 Coastal evergreen Dry forest on s
Page 35 and 36: Albizia adiantifolia (25m), Erythro
Page 37 and 38: This vegetation type represents pub
Page 39 and 40: Number of stems 180 160 140 120 100
Page 41 and 42: of various species forms the basis
Page 43 and 44: intensity within an inhabitated are
Page 45 and 46: Sorindeia madagascariensis Suregada
Page 47 and 48: forest reserve also ranks higher in
Page 49 and 50: Orchidaceae Calanthe sylvatica (Tho
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.9: Endemic species of the Z
Page 53 and 54: prone to decimation from harvesting
Page 55 and 56: Some species have beeen introduced
Page 57 and 58: 35 30 30 Number of animals 25 20 15
Page 59 and 60: in the forest and inhabitated areas
Page 61 and 62: viruses. Recent work has pointed to
Page 63 and 64: individuals who do not leave the ro
Page 65 and 66: Table 4.13: Relative abundance of s
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.6 Birds Bird survey on Pemba wa
Page 69 and 70: Mabuya albotaeniata Pemba Island Sk
Page 71 and 72: created land bridges or shallow con
Page 73 and 74: also expected to occur in shallow w
Page 75 and 76: survey most of catch records shows
Page 77 and 78: A number of butterflies (11 species
Page 79 and 80: n = 200 % of 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 18
Page 81 and 82: poachers. They said, some people we
Page 83 and 84:
4.4.5 Threats to biodiversity Some
Page 85 and 86:
From the declared information it ap
Page 87 and 88:
6.0 EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOUR
Page 89 and 90:
medicinal plants are other activiti
Page 91 and 92:
Group Species Threats Protected Enc
Page 93 and 94:
useful fuel wood supplies the gover
Page 95 and 96:
windbreak, provide shade and could
Page 97 and 98:
Archer, A. L. and Mwinyi, A. A. (19
Page 99 and 100:
FAO (1984d) Species Identification
Page 101 and 102:
Migdoll, I. (1987) Field Guide to t
Page 103 and 104:
Smith, J. & Scherr, S.J. (2002) For
Page 105 and 106:
TERMS OF REFERENCE Outputs of the c
Page 107 and 108:
Ganoderma sp.2 Stipulate young frui
Page 109 and 110:
Lomariopsidaceae Lomariopsis warnek
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schumannianum) records also in Tanz
Page 113 and 114:
GUTTIFERAE Calophyllum inophyllum L
Page 115 and 116:
Ficus sur Forssk. [F.capensis] Mkuy
Page 117 and 118:
Species name Vern. Name Notes Refer
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nov. COMMELINACEAE Commelina diffus
Page 121 and 122:
Appendix 1b: Relative densities and
Page 123 and 124:
Rawsonia lucida 3.33 5.56 Allophylu
Page 125 and 126:
Chrysalidocarpus pembanus 16.53 5.1
Page 127 and 128:
Appendix 2: Reported plant species
Page 129 and 130:
FREQUENCY OF USE FREQUENCY OF TISSU
Page 131 and 132:
Family/Species Cercopithecidae Comm
Page 133 and 134:
Accipiter tachiro African Goshawk x
Page 135 and 136:
APODIDAE Cypsiurus parvus Palm Swif
Page 137 and 138:
Lonchura bicolor Black & White Mann
Page 139 and 140:
Appendix 6: A checklist of amphibia
Page 141 and 142:
Lobster Palinuridae Palinurus delag
Page 143 and 144:
Appendix 8a: Butterflies sampled in
Page 145 and 146:
Appendix 8c: Odonata sampled in six
Page 147 and 148:
Appendic 9b: Checklist of Odonata (
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