serikali ya mapinduzi zanzibar care tanzania and department

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Table 4.19: Threatened fish species (IUCN) reported as occurring in Pemba and Zanzibar (Source: FAO, 1984a, 1984b, 1984c, 1984d; Smith and Heemstra, 1991, http://www.redlist.org/info/links.html) FAMILY SPECIES IUCN ENGLISH NAME STATUS SERRANIDAE Epinephelus tukula Potato grouper LR LABRIDAE Cheilinus undulatus Hampered wrasse LR CARCHARHINID Carcharhinus plumbeus Sandbar shark LR AE CARCHARHINID Carcharhinus Taurus Grey nurse shark EN AE CARCHARHINID Carcharhinus Silky shark LR AE falciformis CARCHARHINID Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger shark LR AE SERRANIDAE Cromileptes altivelis Barramund grouper LR SERRANIDAE Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Flowery grouper LR SERRANIDAE Epinephelus Malabar grouper LR malabaricus SERRANIDAE Epinephelus tauvina Greasy grouper LR SCOMBRIDAE Thunnus maccoyii Southern bluefin tuna LR SYPHYRNIDAE Scalloped hammerhead LR Sphyrna lewini SYPHYRNIDAE Sphyrna mokarran Great hammerhead LR SQUALIDAE Centrophorus uyato Southern dogfish VU LAMNIDAE Isurus oxyrinchus Short fin mako LR Glyphis sp. Bizan river shark CR PRISTIDAE Pristis microdon Larger tooth saw fish CR RHINOBATIDAE Rhynchobatus djiddensis White spotted wedge fish LR DASYATIDAE Taeniura lymma Ribbon tail stingray LR MOBULIDAE Manta birostris Giant Atlantic manta LR MYLIOBATIDAE Aetobatus narinari Spotted eagle ray LR Key: LR = Lower risk, VU = Vulnerable, EN = Endangered, CR = Critically endangered 4.2.12.6 Fishing and fish production (a) Number of Fishers A survey conducted by Commission for Natural Resources found that there were 23,734 fishers on Zanzibar, of which 11,769 were based on Pemba Island and 11,965 were in Unguja Island. (FAO/Department of Environment Zanzibar, 1999) (b) Fishing vessels Fishing vessels employed include dugout canoes, outrigger canoes; planked motorized boats and planked sailing boat. A survey conducted by the Commission for Natural Resources showed that there were 5,149 fishing vessels on Zanzibar, on Unguja 2,933 and 2,216 on Pemba (FAO/Department of Environment Zanzibar 1999). During the 63
survey most of catch records shows that the fishing vessels dugout canoe, mashua and sailing were mostly used at 56.17%, 26.96% and 16.85% respectively. (c) Fish production Data on fish production from Pemba and Zanzibar suggests that fish production has been declining progressively in the last two decades. There are several factors, which have contributed to that decline: (i) Increase of fishing pressure (caused by increased fishing effort) (ii) Decrease of small pelagics, believed to be the main source of food to bigger fish (iii) Habitat degradation due to use of destructive fishing gears and techniques. It has been reported at Ngezi most fishers in the area fishing commercial fish species. These include Cowries, Sea cucumber, Crabs, Octopus, Squids, Lobsters and Shrimps. The fishers depend both external and internal markets. External markets are in Mombasa where they are sold as semi processed or fresh fish. Internal market is mainly tourists’ hotel Manta Reef and local people. According to fisheries catch stastics the record were as follows Msuka 60,922 Kg, Kijijini 18,869 kg, Tondooni 14,535 kg, Mkia Ng’ombe 11,120 kg, Jiwe moja 625 kg, Makangale 4,420 Kg, and Bandari Kuu 895 Kg. (Source: Ngezi survey, January 2005). (d) Fishing gears Fishing gears in Unguja and Pemba reported by the fishermen and Commission for Natural Resources (CNR-Fisheries, 1997) are gillnets, shark nets, small scale purse seines, a variety of fishing lines (troll-lines, hand lines, long lines) fish traps, fishing weirs, spear guns and beach seines. However, some of the fishing gears such as spear guns and beach seines are illegally used because they are banned in Zanzibar due to their destructive nature. Fishing traps, weirs and spear guns are made locally. Fishing lines, mostly nylon monofilaments are imported and available in sufficient quantities in various shops. There is adequate availability of fishing gears and equipment but their prices are high compared to the purchasing power of most artisanal fishers (FAO/Department of Environment Zanzibar, 1999). During the survey most catch records obtained from hand line, beach seine and spears at 31.11%, 22.22% and 17.77% rate respectively. Other fishing gears contribute about 28.9 %. (e) Habitat type Most fishes caught at Ngezi area are mainly from thirteen habitat types. Namely as Caves, Coastal, Coral reefs, Deep coral reefs, Demersal, Epi-pelagic, Inshore, Muddy, Pelagic, Seagrass, Shallow reefs, Reefs and Estuary. Demersal species contribute large amount followed by pelagic and Epi-pelagic at 51.6%, 23.6% and 10.1% respectively. Other remaining habitat types contribute 14.7%. (f) Fishing grounds The fishing ground is the area where fish are caught by using various fishing gears. In the Ngezi fishing grounds are described in various forms, these are Coastal, Shallow waters, and Sand bottom, Coral reefs, Deep sea and Mangroves. In general most fish catch are obtained from four main fishing grounds, these are Coastal and Deep seas 64
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SERIKALI YA MAPINDUZI ZANZIBAR CARE
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4.1.2.7 Fresh water swamp forest…
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Zanzibar………………………
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Acknowledgements We would like to t
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including Connarus sp.nov., Chrysol
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prepared. Conservation programmes w
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His advance from hominid origins ha
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♦ During 1957, an Indian merchant
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The area of Ngezi - Vumawimbi fores
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ancestors in the mountain heathland
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to be established. Vegetation types
Page 23 and 24: using the expression: H' max = logk
Page 25 and 26: each day during trap inspection. Tr
Page 27 and 28: 3.5 Legend to threatened and endang
Page 29 and 30: overlying coral limestone 7. Fresh
Page 31 and 32: 2 Coastal evergreen Dry forest on s
Page 33 and 34: Drypetes natalensis (5m), Rauvolfia
Page 35 and 36: Albizia adiantifolia (25m), Erythro
Page 37 and 38: This vegetation type represents pub
Page 39 and 40: Number of stems 180 160 140 120 100
Page 41 and 42: of various species forms the basis
Page 43 and 44: intensity within an inhabitated are
Page 45 and 46: Sorindeia madagascariensis Suregada
Page 47 and 48: forest reserve also ranks higher in
Page 49 and 50: Orchidaceae Calanthe sylvatica (Tho
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.9: Endemic species of the Z
Page 53 and 54: prone to decimation from harvesting
Page 55 and 56: Some species have beeen introduced
Page 57 and 58: 35 30 30 Number of animals 25 20 15
Page 59 and 60: in the forest and inhabitated areas
Page 61 and 62: viruses. Recent work has pointed to
Page 63 and 64: individuals who do not leave the ro
Page 65 and 66: Table 4.13: Relative abundance of s
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.6 Birds Bird survey on Pemba wa
Page 69 and 70: Mabuya albotaeniata Pemba Island Sk
Page 71 and 72: created land bridges or shallow con
Page 73: also expected to occur in shallow w
Page 77 and 78: A number of butterflies (11 species
Page 79 and 80: n = 200 % of 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 18
Page 81 and 82: poachers. They said, some people we
Page 83 and 84: 4.4.5 Threats to biodiversity Some
Page 85 and 86: From the declared information it ap
Page 87 and 88: 6.0 EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOUR
Page 89 and 90: medicinal plants are other activiti
Page 91 and 92: Group Species Threats Protected Enc
Page 93 and 94: useful fuel wood supplies the gover
Page 95 and 96: windbreak, provide shade and could
Page 97 and 98: Archer, A. L. and Mwinyi, A. A. (19
Page 99 and 100: FAO (1984d) Species Identification
Page 101 and 102: Migdoll, I. (1987) Field Guide to t
Page 103 and 104: Smith, J. & Scherr, S.J. (2002) For
Page 105 and 106: TERMS OF REFERENCE Outputs of the c
Page 107 and 108: Ganoderma sp.2 Stipulate young frui
Page 109 and 110: Lomariopsidaceae Lomariopsis warnek
Page 111 and 112: schumannianum) records also in Tanz
Page 113 and 114: GUTTIFERAE Calophyllum inophyllum L
Page 115 and 116: Ficus sur Forssk. [F.capensis] Mkuy
Page 117 and 118: Species name Vern. Name Notes Refer
Page 119 and 120: nov. COMMELINACEAE Commelina diffus
Page 121 and 122: Appendix 1b: Relative densities and
Page 123 and 124: Rawsonia lucida 3.33 5.56 Allophylu
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Chrysalidocarpus pembanus 16.53 5.1
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Appendix 2: Reported plant species
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FREQUENCY OF USE FREQUENCY OF TISSU
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Family/Species Cercopithecidae Comm
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Accipiter tachiro African Goshawk x
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APODIDAE Cypsiurus parvus Palm Swif
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Lonchura bicolor Black & White Mann
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Appendix 6: A checklist of amphibia
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Lobster Palinuridae Palinurus delag
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Appendix 8a: Butterflies sampled in
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Appendix 8c: Odonata sampled in six
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Appendic 9b: Checklist of Odonata (
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