serikali ya mapinduzi zanzibar care tanzania and department

including Connarus sp.nov., Chrysolidicarpus pembanus, Ensette proboscidium, Ananas
comosus var. (wild variety of Ananas), Erica mafiensis (found also in Mafia Island),
Vangueria sp. nov.vel.gem.aff, and Uvaria sp.nov. The other 14 species are broad endemics
found also in Zanzibar and some coastal forests on the mainland. At least 5 plant species are
reported to be rare including Quassia undulate, Erica mafiensis, Allophylus vestivus, Eugenia
capensis, ssp. multiflora and Typhonodorum lindleyamum. Within Ngezi and surrounding
areas at least 22 plants have been introduced and some of which are naturalized. About 17
plant species are known to be threatened based on either IUCN or CITES red lists or both.
There are 43 plants reported to have medicinal values some of which have scientifically
proven potency. On the other hand 19 trees occurring in the forest are reported to be used for
timber extraction. As observed in Zanzibar the Acacia genus is also missing on Pemba Island.
About 12 main vegetation types were recognized more than previously reported. These
includes moist forest on soils with high humidity and organic humus, moist forest mixed with
exotic species, microsite of pools, coastal evergreen dry forest on coral rags, coastal evergreen
dry forest on sandy soils and coastal evergreen dry thickets on shallow soils overlying coral
limestone. Others include fresh water swamp forest restricted to shallow soil valleys with very
slow drainage, Erica bushland on the water-logged sites of former shallow lagoons,
fragmented moist forest to the south with remnants of dry patches representing anthropic
landscape, mangrove formation on saline swamp forest, fresh water swamps and Arable
landscape. In some areas of the forest, the vegetation structure and composition resembles
very closely with that of the Eastern Arc ranges on the mainland. Thus justifying the inclusion
of Pemba as part of the eastern arc ranges as well as part of the biodiversity hotspot. Most of
the remaining tropical moist forest in Ngezi maintains a thick forest (c.1,000 hectares) with
large trees up to 30–40m high and some trees had quite large dbh e.g. Bombax
rhodognaphalon (3m), Adansonia digitata (4-5m) and Antiaris toxicaria (2-3m). Such a
prisitine forest with large trees is not found in Jozani Zanzibar because the great hurricane of
1892 seriously devastated Zanzibar Island and its vegetation and missed Pemba, hence left the
island and its vegetation (trees) intact. Invasive plants, vegetation clearing, and overexploitation
are the major threats to plant biodiversity in the Ngezi area.
Mammals occur in most of the twelve vegetation types in the study area with vervet monkeys,
bats, hyraxes, prosimians and rodents being ubiquitous. Few small mammals appeared to be
relatively abundant and widely distributed, particularly rodents, hyraxes and bats. A total of
30 mammal, 131 birds, 25 reptiles 9 amphibians, 87 marine fishes, 5 freshwater fishes, 35
Lepidoptera and 10 Odonata species were recorded during the survey. In total there were 15
new records of fauna to Pemba including 1 mammal (Cape Clawless Otter – Aonyx capensis),
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