serikali ya mapinduzi zanzibar care tanzania and department

The Odonata larvae are aquatic predators. These and other aquatic organisms are very
sensitive to changes in the physical conditions and chemical composition of the water
in which they live. Chemical pollution, agricultural chemicals and fertilizers, which
end up in the water bodies, and silting from soil erosion, are the main threats to these
organisms.
Some butterflies are prized by collectors due to their beauty. In some countries the
law protects species of Butterflies such as lycaenids. Other prized species include
large colourful species such as Charaxes spp. and Papilio spp. Butterfly collecting for
local and export markets is potentially a threat to some species. There is need to find
out whether or not this activity is actually taking place in Pemba.
Invertebrates conservation values
Insects make up a very large proportion of the biodiversity of any terrestrial and freshwater
habitat. They are a crucial in all food chains in their habitats, as food to a wide
range of animals, and as predators. In addition, they pollinate flowering plants and,
through herbivory, they control the growth and spread of plant species.
Aquatic insects are important in maintaining aquatic ecosystems, and as indication of
the health or otherwise of these habitats.
Insects also have an aesthetic value, and some species are highly prized by collectors.
Specific recommendations on invertebrates conservation
The conservation of the invertebrates of Ngezi Forest must be based on the
conservation of their habitats, since even a slight change in the forest or fresh-water
bodies can result into a major decline in the dependent invertebrate fauna. Human
population pressure and the accompanying increase in demand for forest products and
land for agriculture should be managed in order to have a balance between
exploitation of the resources and the conservation of the natural environment. In the
absence of human interference most invertebrates can sustain their population since
they have a high reproductive potential. It is therefore imperative that the habitats of
the area (forest, freshwater bodies, salt-water marshes, mangrove swamps and others)
should be conserved.
4.4 Socio-economic Survey
4.4.1 Demographic characteristics
A total of 200 respondents were interviewed through interview-administered
questionnaires; among them 101 (50.5%) were males and 99 (49.5%) were females.
Age Structure
The respondents reported themselves to have ages ranged from 18 to 80 years. Many
were in the age class of 18-30 (36%) and 31-42 (36%) years, while 22% were in the
age class 43-54 and very few (3% and 4%) were in the age classes 55-66 and 67-80
years respectively. Although the number of males and females in the age classes were
statistically similar, the oldest age class was dominated by females (Figure 4.6).
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