Final Report - Strategic Environmental Research and Development ...

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Rcorr [ohm*cm 2 ] Rcorr [ohm*cm 2 ] conversion coatings showed similar behavior, starting between 10 7 - 10 6 ohm . cm 2 and dropping one order of magnitude for the first three, while Boegel showed a drop of more than 2 orders of magnitude at the end of the exposure. Sicopoxy samples started with an R corr value between 10 6 - 10 7 ohm . cm 2 . Sicopoxy primer together with Metallast conversion coating showed almost no change or even a slight increase in the R corr after 30 days exposure. Boegel conversion coating showed a decrease of less than one order of magnitude for the duration of the exposure. The Sicopoxy and TCP combination showed a drop in the R corr after 24 hours followed by an increase in R corr after 196 hours. PreKote and Alodine both showed a decrease in the R corr after 10 hours and 96 hours respectively. Rcorr 1.0E+09 1.0E+08 Alodine Boegel Metallast PreKote TCP 1.0E+07 1.0E+06 1.0E+05 1.0E+04 1 10 100 1000 Time [hrs] Figure 6.6. R corr response for samples treated with Deft primer and 5 different conversion coatings: Alodine, Boegel, Metallast, PreKote and TCP (EIS test area A=13.2 cm 2 ). Rcorr 1.0E+11 Alodine Boegel Metallast PreKote TCP 1.0E+10 1.0E+09 1.0E+08 1.0E+07 1.0E+06 1.0E+05 1.0E+04 1.0E+03 1 10 100 1000 Time [hrs] Figure 6.7. R corr response for samples treated with Hetnzen primer and 5 different conversion coatings: Alodine, Boegel, Metallast, PreKote and TCP (EIS test area A=13.2 cm 2 ). 268
C [F/cm 2 ] Rcorr [ohm*cm 2 ] Rcorr 1.0E+08 Alodine Boegel Metallast PreKote TCP 1.0E+07 1.0E+06 1.0E+05 1.0E+04 1 10 100 1000 Time [hrs] Figure 6.8. R corr response for samples treated with Sicopoxy primer and 5 different conversion coatings: Alodine, Boegel, Metallast, PreKote and TCP (EIS test area A=13.2 cm 2 ). The metal-coating capacitance response C dl for all samples tested, grouped by primer, can be seen in Figures 6.9-6.11. The time needed for the C dl to show a noticeable increase is compiled in Table 6.2 together with the delaminated area parameter A del . As expected from the higher sensitivity of the EIS technique compared to the visual examination with the un-aided eye, the time needed for C dl to increase was always less than or equal to TTF. Samples treated with Metallast pre-treatment and Sicopoxy or Hentzen primers deviated from the expected behavior, i.e. showed visual signs of corrosion sooner than a change in the capacitance response. Future research is needed to assess the reason of this Cmetal deviation. 1.E-02 1.E-03 Metallast Alodine Boegel PreKote TCP 1.E-04 1.E-05 1.E-06 1.E-07 1.E-08 1.E-09 1 10 100 1000 Time [hrs] Figure 6.9. Metal-Coating capacitance response (C dl ) for samples treated with Deft primer and 5 different conversion coatings: Metallast, Alodine, Boegel, PreKote and TCP (EIS test area A=13.2 cm 2 ). 269
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FINAL REPORT Scientific Understandi
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This report was prepared under cont
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List of Acronyms AES Atomic Emissio
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List of Figures Figure 1.1. Figure
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Figure 1.21. Figure 1.22. Figure 1.
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Figure 3.11. Cathodic polarization
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Figure 4.12. Average Roughness of R
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Figure 5.4. Figures 5.5. Apparatus
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Figure 5.36. Figure 5.37. R paramet
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Figure 6.23. Two commercial samples
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Figure 7.1. a) instrumental configu
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List of Tables Table 1.1. Table 1.2
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Table 6.4. Processing parameters fo
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Keywords 1. Al alloys 2. Non-chroma
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1. Executive Summary This report su
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the role of electrophoresis in inhi
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occurring at low pHs and release at
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were obtained by a post treatment w
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4. G.O. Ilevbare, J.R. Scully, J. Y
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3. Objective The primary objective
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5. Results and Accomplishments In t
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powder, slurried with ultrapure wat
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TCP-coated AA2024-T3. A Kratos AXIS
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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (X
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Potential (V vs. Ag/AgCl) -0.2 -0.3
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Signal Intensity (counts/s) assessi
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Al (including both Al 0 and Al 3+ c
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TEM or during sample preparation, s
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Potential (V vs. Ag/AgCl) and uncoa
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5.1.4.8 Effects of Aging on the Fil
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Intensity (counts/s) Concentration
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|Z| 0.01Hz (ohm cm 2 ) |Z| 0.01Hz (
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The artificial scratch cell was als
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Raman intensity, a.u. 4000 880 3500
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Figure 1.24. Raman spectra for the
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peak at 520 cm -1 and an intense Cr
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Figure 1.28. Plots of the intensity
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Figure 1.30. (A) Video micrograph o
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The Zr and O signals arise from the
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Figure 1.35. (A) Corrosion potentia
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Table 1.1. Corrosion current (i cor
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additional pitting. The TCP coating
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Figure 1.41. Cr(VI) peak intensity
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Work is ongoing to understand how t
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9. L. Li, D-Y. Kim and G. M. Swain,
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carefully rinsed with DI water, air
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decrease to a net anodic current in
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Potential (mV vs. SCE) Potential (m
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i (A/cm 2 ) Immediately after silic
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Potential (mV vs. SCE) Rp (ohm.cm 2
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2.4.4 In situ AFM Scratching Result
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Figure 2.31. In situ AFM scratching
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(2.3) Figure 2.35. Specie diagram f
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concentration and the silicon to ca
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analysis coupled with XPS revealed
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5.2.4.4 In Situ AFM Scratching Befo
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esults in the formation of silicate
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26. P. Schmutz and G.S. Frankel, J.
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Pr 3+ , Y 3+ showed [12] an order o
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0.1M NaCl solution with varying con
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8.7 through pH 12.6 due to the lowe
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(b) (c) 99
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immersed in Ce 3+ remained bright w
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S phase and dissolution of Al matri
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Corrosion rate, i corr (A/cm 2 ) 6x
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I L (microA) 600 500 400 300 NC (-8
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than that of chromate[35]. Historic
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coupon was immersed with the polish
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5.3.2.4 Results 5.3.2.4.1 Speciatio
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(c) Figure 3.8. Speciation diagram
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E vs. SCE (V) -0.70 -0.75 -0.80 -0.
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E vs. SCE (V) 1000 rpm E vs. SCE (V
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Chemical quantification showed a me
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(a) (b) Figure 3.15. (a) (top) SEM
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E vs. SCE (V) E vs. SCE (V) E vs. S
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-Z" (ohm) -Z" (ohm) -Z" (ohm) -Z" (
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(Figure 3.8b). However, no effect o
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CPS CPS CPS x 2 14 10 12 10 8 6 4 2
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CPS CPS 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 x 10
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I k L 0. 2 1 2 AnFC B D 2 3 O 1
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i -800 (A/cm 2 ) 10 -4 NaCl NaCl+5
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Corrosion rate ( 1/R p ) ohm -1 cm
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particles compared to zinc-free sol
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and Zn bentonite compounds have red
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2) Deoxidizing for 3 minutes in an
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Scintag (now ThermoARL) Pad-V TM an
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Table 3.5. Characterization of bent
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Zn 2+ cation release (meq/100g) Pr
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 3.33. (a) An exp
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|Z| (ohm) Phase angle (degrees) 5.3
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|Z| at 0.01 Hz (ohm.cm 2 ) Pore Res
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|Z| at 0.01 Hz (ohm.cm 2 ) |Z| at 0
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pigmented coatings exhibited partia
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5.3.3.6 Conclusions 1. Exchange ben
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39. M. Mahdavian and M. M. Attar, P
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100. F.Liebau, Structural Chemistry
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of the coated sample, which is tigh
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Lubricant Blue (Struers) was used f
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good grip on the dolly, the equipme
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Pressure (kPa) r (mm) Pressure x Ra
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Pressure x Radius (kN/m) plateau bu
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Pressure x Radius (kN/m) Pxr (KN/m)
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Average Roughness (m) In contrast,
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Adhesion Strength (J/m 2 ) PVB PVB
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Pressure (kPa) Constant Infusion up
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 4.19. Coatin
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Min. Potential (V vs SHE) Min. Pote
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Pressure (kPa) exposure in hot wate
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Engineering Stress (MPa) slope of t
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Adhesion Strength (J/m 2 ) ASTM D33
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Pressure (kPa) Pressure (kPa) Radiu
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Adhesion Strength (J/m 2 ) Pressure
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Table 4.7. Adhesion Strength values
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Non-Cl./Deox. No CC Cleaned/Deox. N
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5.4.5 Conclusions and Implications
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5.5 Task 5: Inhibitor Activation an
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solution for equilibration at contr
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Table 5.2. Techniques applied to sp
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The capacitance was determined by E
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combination with zinc molybdate, a
Page 251 and 252: Concentration, mmol / L Final pH te
Page 253 and 254: Alkaline affects praseodymium solub
Page 255 and 256: MoO 4 2- ) inhibition to the system
Page 257 and 258: Zinc molybdate is reported to be si
Page 259 and 260: The presence of a salt that has no
Page 261 and 262: This approach yields two figures of
Page 263 and 264: Inhibitor mapping of the Hentzen 16
Page 265 and 266: The molybdate loss in the strontium
Page 267 and 268: The capacitance dC is given by 0 (
Page 269 and 270: 2 C( r, t) C( r )[1 r 2 exp( D nt
Page 271 and 272: -thea (degree) logIZI (Ohm-Cm 2 ) P
Page 273 and 274: Capacitance (F) respectively. The c
Page 275 and 276: Capacitance (F) Weight gain (g) For
Page 277 and 278: Normalized Capacitance Change Norma
Page 279 and 280: Potential V (Ag/AgCl) Corrosion rat
Page 281 and 282: 5.5.4.7 Nanopore structure characte
Page 283 and 284: Normaalized Transport Rate (g/m^2_d
Page 285 and 286: S-Parameter S-Parameter Penetration
Page 287 and 288: S-Parameter S-Parameter Penetration
Page 289 and 290: R-parameter R-parameter Penetration
Page 291 and 292: 5. T. M. Letcher, “Thermodynamics
Page 293 and 294: pigment of CaSiO 3 with initial pH
Page 295 and 296: allowed a comparison of the differe
Page 297 and 298: The solution resistance (R sol ) va
Page 299 and 300: Theta [degrees] theta |Z| [ohm] 10
Page 301: C [F/cm2] Rcorr [ohm*cm2] 7075-AHN
Page 305 and 306: Visual TTF [hours] Table 6.2. Param
Page 307 and 308: of Metallast pre-treatment, which h
Page 309 and 310: Prediction of the TTF obtained by A
Page 311 and 312: 5.6.2 Electrochemical Impedance Spe
Page 313 and 314: 5.6.2.2.1 Coating system descriptio
Page 315 and 316: Table 6.4. Processing parameters fo
Page 317 and 318: population of total TTF vectors th
Page 319 and 320: components of the impedance and the
Page 321 and 322: Figure 6.17. EIS spectra for sample
Page 323 and 324: Figure 6.18. Kaplan-Meier survival
Page 325 and 326: Maximum c i range Maximum ci range
Page 327 and 328: The type and number of input neuron
Page 329 and 330: Predicted TTF The BFM method, intro
Page 331 and 332: The most significant variables to i
Page 333 and 334: 5.6.3 Characterization of Pigment D
Page 335 and 336: of sputtering gold and carbon paint
Page 337 and 338: Figure 6.26. Cross-sectional view o
Page 339 and 340: Figure 6.28. EDX maps of primer cro
Page 341 and 342: Figure 6.31. EDX maps of primer cro
Page 343 and 344: In Figure 6.34, Ca and Si existed a
Page 345 and 346: Table 6.8. Average percentage resid
Page 347 and 348: strictly limited due to the barrier
Page 349 and 350: Figure 6.37. Coating systems in det
Page 351 and 352: Each corrosion volume of scribed ar
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Corrosion Area (mm 2 ) 1200 1000 80
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Corrosion Area (mm 2 ) Corrosion Ra
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Corrosion Rate (mm/yr) Corrosion Vo
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Corrosion Area (mm 2 ) corrosion ra
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corrosion rate (mm/yr) Corrosion Vo
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Corrosion Volume (mm/yr) Corrosion
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ate, PPG CA7233 coated samples had
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Appendix 6B Table 6B.1. Corrosion v
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Table 6B.3. Corrosion rate of sampl
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Table 6B.5. Corrosion area of sampl
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5.7. Task 7: Characterization of Lo
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at 65C. After using DI water to rin
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Transmission Mode Conduct EIS measu
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Cdl(F/cm 2 ) Rp(.cm 2 ) relatively
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pit bottom area (cm 2 ) pit bottom
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2days 2days 1mm 1mm 7days 7days Pit
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(a) (b) Si Si O Al Na Ca K Si Al-Cu
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Pit 1 and pit 2 as shown in Figure
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In these experiments, Deft primers
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For the case of as-deposited thin f
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3. L. Balazs, Physica E, 54, 1183-1
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and subsequently re-oxidized in two
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not represent true adhesion strengt
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• The pit morphology in 0.5 M NaC
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Appendix 2. List of Scientific/Tech
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“The Secret Life of Chromate Free
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