Final Report - Strategic Environmental Research and Development ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 4.6. Table 4.7. Table 4.8. Results of area delaminated for different coating systems from the Tape Test and BT after four days exposure in 60°C DI water. Adhesion Strength values calculated from BT data for old and new samples batch coated with acetoacetate. XPS results from different treated AA2024-T3 after 24 hours of treatment step (old batch). 196 201 204 Table 5.1. Chromate-free inhibitor systems characterized. 207 Table 5.2. Techniques applied to spatial mapping of inhibitor fields in primers. 211 Table 5.3. Primer systems characterized by PALS. 214 Table 5.4. Corrosion inhibitors detected. 215 Table 5.5 Solubility data of CaSiO 3 at 20 o C, 24 h at various conditions. 216 Table 5.6. Pr solubility under various conditions. 219 Table 5.7. Effect of salts on Pr(OH)3 solubility. 221 Table 5.8. Ecotuff ® solubility characteristics. 222 Table 5.9. Table 5.10. Table 5.11. Table 5.12. Table 6.1. Dielectric constants of films calculated from capacitance measurements using Ag paste or Cu tape as contact electrodes. In-plane diffusion coefficients estimated from capacitance and gravimetric methods. Bulk free volume results for both Deft-084 (aged > 1year) and Deft-098 (aged> 1year). Free volume results for Deft-098(aged> 1year), Deft-098(7-day) and Deft-098(21-day). Processing parameters for the 5 surface pre-treatment used: Alodine 5700, T5900-TCP, Metalast-EPA, PreKote and Boegel 8500. 236 243 248 248 262 Table 6.2. Parameters used as coating degradation indicators. 271 Table 6.3. Coating thickness. Thickness measurements were performed five times for each coating using coating thickness gauge Elcometer Model 456 with an associated error of less than 4 μm. Sample IDs defined in the text below. 280 xxvii
Table 6.4. Processing parameters for the 5 surface pre-treatment used: Alodine 5700, T5900-TCP, Metalast-EPA, PreKote and Boegel 8500. 281 Table 6.5. Table 6.6. Time needed in salt spray chamber (ASTM B117) for visual failure (TTF). Any sign of generalized corrosion, pitting or blistering on the surface was considered as a failure. Parameters used for ANN prediction where M is the number of hidden neurons, and the coefficient of determination for the training set and validation set, R 2 and VR 2 respectively. 288 292 Table 6.7. Phases within tested primers 300 Table 6.8. Table 6.9. Table 6.10. Table 6.11. Average percentage residual of calcium X-ray intensity within fixed area of topcoated Hentzen 16708 TEP with, (a) unexposed, (b) 30-day exposure, (c) 90-day exposure. Average percentage residual of calcium X-ray intensity within fixed area of Deft 02G084, (a) unexposed, (b) 30-day exposure, (c) 90-day exposure. Average percentage residual of praseodymium X-ray intensity within fixed area of untopcoated Deft 02N084, (a) unexposed, (b) 30-day exposure, (c) 90-day exposure. Average percentage residual of barium X-ray intensity within fixed area of topcoated Sicopoxy 577-630, (a) unexposed, (b) 30-day exposure, (c) 90-day exposure 311 311 311 312 Table 6.12. Collection of corrosion type. 320 Table 6A.1. Calcium x-ray intensity within fixed area of top-coated Hentzen 16708 TEP, (a) unexposed, (b) 30-day exposure, (c) 90-day exposure. 333 Table 6A.2. Calcium x-ray intensity within fixed area of untopcoated Deft 02-GN- 084, (a) unexposed, (b) 30-day exposure, (c) 90-day exposure 333 Table 6A.3. Praseodymium x-ray intensity within fixed area of untopcoated Deft 02- GN-084, (a) unexposed, (b) 30-day exposure, (c) 90-day exposure. Table 6A.4. Barium x-ray intensity within fixed area of topcoated Sicopoxy 577- 630, (a) unexposed, (b) 30-day exposure, (c) 90-day exposure. 333 333 Table 6B.1. Corrosion volume of samples in ASTM B117 for 500 h. 334 Table 6B.2. Corrosion area of samples in ASTM B117 for 500 h. 335 xxviii
Page 1 and 2: FINAL REPORT Scientific Understandi
Page 3 and 4: This report was prepared under cont
Page 5 and 6: List of Acronyms AES Atomic Emissio
Page 7 and 8: List of Figures Figure 1.1. Figure
Page 9 and 10: Figure 1.21. Figure 1.22. Figure 1.
Page 15 and 16: Figure 3.11. Cathodic polarization
Page 19 and 20: Figure 4.12. Average Roughness of R
Page 21 and 22: Figure 5.4. Figures 5.5. Apparatus
Page 23 and 24: Figure 5.36. Figure 5.37. R paramet
Page 25 and 26: Figure 6.23. Two commercial samples
Page 27 and 28: Figure 7.1. a) instrumental configu
Page 29: List of Tables Table 1.1. Table 1.2
Page 33 and 34: Keywords 1. Al alloys 2. Non-chroma
Page 35 and 36: 1. Executive Summary This report su
Page 37 and 38: the role of electrophoresis in inhi
Page 39 and 40: occurring at low pHs and release at
Page 41 and 42: were obtained by a post treatment w
Page 43 and 44: 4. G.O. Ilevbare, J.R. Scully, J. Y
Page 45 and 46: 3. Objective The primary objective
Page 47 and 48: 5. Results and Accomplishments In t
Page 49 and 50: powder, slurried with ultrapure wat
Page 51 and 52: TCP-coated AA2024-T3. A Kratos AXIS
Page 53 and 54: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (X
Page 55 and 56: Potential (V vs. Ag/AgCl) -0.2 -0.3
Page 57 and 58: Signal Intensity (counts/s) assessi
Page 59 and 60: Al (including both Al 0 and Al 3+ c
Page 61 and 62: TEM or during sample preparation, s
Page 63 and 64: Potential (V vs. Ag/AgCl) and uncoa
Page 65 and 66: 5.1.4.8 Effects of Aging on the Fil
Page 67 and 68: Intensity (counts/s) Concentration
Page 69 and 70: |Z| 0.01Hz (ohm cm 2 ) |Z| 0.01Hz (
Page 71 and 72: The artificial scratch cell was als
Page 73 and 74: Raman intensity, a.u. 4000 880 3500
Page 75 and 76: Figure 1.24. Raman spectra for the
Page 77 and 78: peak at 520 cm -1 and an intense Cr
Page 79 and 80: Figure 1.28. Plots of the intensity
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 1.30. (A) Video micrograph o
Page 83 and 84:
The Zr and O signals arise from the
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 1.35. (A) Corrosion potentia
Page 87 and 88:
Table 1.1. Corrosion current (i cor
Page 89 and 90:
additional pitting. The TCP coating
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 1.41. Cr(VI) peak intensity
Page 93 and 94:
Work is ongoing to understand how t
Page 95 and 96:
9. L. Li, D-Y. Kim and G. M. Swain,
Page 97 and 98:
carefully rinsed with DI water, air
Page 99 and 100:
decrease to a net anodic current in
Page 101 and 102:
Potential (mV vs. SCE) Potential (m
Page 103 and 104:
i (A/cm 2 ) Immediately after silic
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Potential (mV vs. SCE) Rp (ohm.cm 2
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
2.4.4 In situ AFM Scratching Result
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 2.31. In situ AFM scratching
Page 115 and 116:
(2.3) Figure 2.35. Specie diagram f
Page 117 and 118:
concentration and the silicon to ca
Page 119 and 120:
analysis coupled with XPS revealed
Page 121 and 122:
5.2.4.4 In Situ AFM Scratching Befo
Page 123 and 124:
esults in the formation of silicate
Page 125 and 126:
26. P. Schmutz and G.S. Frankel, J.
Page 127 and 128:
Pr 3+ , Y 3+ showed [12] an order o
Page 129 and 130:
0.1M NaCl solution with varying con
Page 131 and 132:
8.7 through pH 12.6 due to the lowe
Page 133 and 134:
(b) (c) 99
Page 135 and 136:
immersed in Ce 3+ remained bright w
Page 137 and 138:
S phase and dissolution of Al matri
Page 139 and 140:
Corrosion rate, i corr (A/cm 2 ) 6x
Page 141 and 142:
I L (microA) 600 500 400 300 NC (-8
Page 143 and 144:
than that of chromate[35]. Historic
Page 145 and 146:
coupon was immersed with the polish
Page 147 and 148:
5.3.2.4 Results 5.3.2.4.1 Speciatio
Page 149 and 150:
(c) Figure 3.8. Speciation diagram
Page 151 and 152:
E vs. SCE (V) -0.70 -0.75 -0.80 -0.
Page 153 and 154:
E vs. SCE (V) 1000 rpm E vs. SCE (V
Page 155 and 156:
Chemical quantification showed a me
Page 157 and 158:
(a) (b) Figure 3.15. (a) (top) SEM
Page 159 and 160:
E vs. SCE (V) E vs. SCE (V) E vs. S
Page 161 and 162:
-Z" (ohm) -Z" (ohm) -Z" (ohm) -Z" (
Page 163 and 164:
(Figure 3.8b). However, no effect o
Page 165 and 166:
CPS CPS CPS x 2 14 10 12 10 8 6 4 2
Page 167 and 168:
CPS CPS 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 x 10
Page 169 and 170:
I k L 0. 2 1 2 AnFC B D 2 3 O 1
Page 171 and 172:
i -800 (A/cm 2 ) 10 -4 NaCl NaCl+5
Page 173 and 174:
Corrosion rate ( 1/R p ) ohm -1 cm
Page 175 and 176:
particles compared to zinc-free sol
Page 177 and 178:
and Zn bentonite compounds have red
Page 179 and 180:
2) Deoxidizing for 3 minutes in an
Page 181 and 182:
Scintag (now ThermoARL) Pad-V TM an
Page 183 and 184:
Table 3.5. Characterization of bent
Page 185 and 186:
Zn 2+ cation release (meq/100g) Pr
Page 187 and 188:
(a) (b) (c) Figure 3.33. (a) An exp
Page 189 and 190:
|Z| (ohm) Phase angle (degrees) 5.3
Page 191 and 192:
|Z| at 0.01 Hz (ohm.cm 2 ) Pore Res
Page 193 and 194:
|Z| at 0.01 Hz (ohm.cm 2 ) |Z| at 0
Page 195 and 196:
pigmented coatings exhibited partia
Page 197 and 198:
5.3.3.6 Conclusions 1. Exchange ben
Page 199 and 200:
39. M. Mahdavian and M. M. Attar, P
Page 201 and 202:
100. F.Liebau, Structural Chemistry
Page 203 and 204:
of the coated sample, which is tigh
Page 205 and 206:
Lubricant Blue (Struers) was used f
Page 207 and 208:
good grip on the dolly, the equipme
Page 209 and 210:
Pressure (kPa) r (mm) Pressure x Ra
Page 211 and 212:
Pressure x Radius (kN/m) plateau bu
Page 213 and 214:
Pressure x Radius (kN/m) Pxr (KN/m)
Page 215 and 216:
Average Roughness (m) In contrast,
Page 217 and 218:
Adhesion Strength (J/m 2 ) PVB PVB
Page 219 and 220:
Pressure (kPa) Constant Infusion up
Page 221 and 222:
(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 4.19. Coatin
Page 223 and 224:
Min. Potential (V vs SHE) Min. Pote
Page 225 and 226:
Pressure (kPa) exposure in hot wate
Page 227 and 228:
Engineering Stress (MPa) slope of t
Page 229 and 230:
Adhesion Strength (J/m 2 ) ASTM D33
Page 231 and 232:
Pressure (kPa) Pressure (kPa) Radiu
Page 233 and 234:
Adhesion Strength (J/m 2 ) Pressure
Page 235 and 236:
Table 4.7. Adhesion Strength values
Page 237 and 238:
Non-Cl./Deox. No CC Cleaned/Deox. N
Page 239 and 240:
5.4.5 Conclusions and Implications
Page 241 and 242:
5.5 Task 5: Inhibitor Activation an
Page 243 and 244:
solution for equilibration at contr
Page 245 and 246:
Table 5.2. Techniques applied to sp
Page 247 and 248:
The capacitance was determined by E
Page 249 and 250:
combination with zinc molybdate, a
Page 251 and 252:
Concentration, mmol / L Final pH te
Page 253 and 254:
Alkaline affects praseodymium solub
Page 255 and 256:
MoO 4 2- ) inhibition to the system
Page 257 and 258:
Zinc molybdate is reported to be si
Page 259 and 260:
The presence of a salt that has no
Page 261 and 262:
This approach yields two figures of
Page 263 and 264:
Inhibitor mapping of the Hentzen 16
Page 265 and 266:
The molybdate loss in the strontium
Page 267 and 268:
The capacitance dC is given by 0 (
Page 269 and 270:
2 C( r, t) C( r )[1 r 2 exp( D nt
Page 271 and 272:
-thea (degree) logIZI (Ohm-Cm 2 ) P
Page 273 and 274:
Capacitance (F) respectively. The c
Page 275 and 276:
Capacitance (F) Weight gain (g) For
Page 277 and 278:
Normalized Capacitance Change Norma
Page 279 and 280:
Potential V (Ag/AgCl) Corrosion rat
Page 281 and 282:
5.5.4.7 Nanopore structure characte
Page 283 and 284:
Normaalized Transport Rate (g/m^2_d
Page 285 and 286:
S-Parameter S-Parameter Penetration
Page 287 and 288:
S-Parameter S-Parameter Penetration
Page 289 and 290:
R-parameter R-parameter Penetration
Page 291 and 292:
5. T. M. Letcher, “Thermodynamics
Page 293 and 294:
pigment of CaSiO 3 with initial pH
Page 295 and 296:
allowed a comparison of the differe
Page 297 and 298:
The solution resistance (R sol ) va
Page 299 and 300:
Theta [degrees] theta |Z| [ohm] 10
Page 301 and 302:
C [F/cm2] Rcorr [ohm*cm2] 7075-AHN
Page 303 and 304:
C [F/cm 2 ] Rcorr [ohm*cm 2 ] Rcorr
Page 305 and 306:
Visual TTF [hours] Table 6.2. Param
Page 307 and 308:
of Metallast pre-treatment, which h
Page 309 and 310:
Prediction of the TTF obtained by A
Page 311 and 312:
5.6.2 Electrochemical Impedance Spe
Page 313 and 314:
5.6.2.2.1 Coating system descriptio
Page 315 and 316:
Table 6.4. Processing parameters fo
Page 317 and 318:
population of total TTF vectors th
Page 319 and 320:
components of the impedance and the
Page 321 and 322:
Figure 6.17. EIS spectra for sample
Page 323 and 324:
Figure 6.18. Kaplan-Meier survival
Page 325 and 326:
Maximum c i range Maximum ci range
Page 327 and 328:
The type and number of input neuron
Page 329 and 330:
Predicted TTF The BFM method, intro
Page 331 and 332:
The most significant variables to i
Page 333 and 334:
5.6.3 Characterization of Pigment D
Page 335 and 336:
of sputtering gold and carbon paint
Page 337 and 338:
Figure 6.26. Cross-sectional view o
Page 339 and 340:
Figure 6.28. EDX maps of primer cro
Page 341 and 342:
Figure 6.31. EDX maps of primer cro
Page 343 and 344:
In Figure 6.34, Ca and Si existed a
Page 345 and 346:
Table 6.8. Average percentage resid
Page 347 and 348:
strictly limited due to the barrier
Page 349 and 350:
Figure 6.37. Coating systems in det
Page 351 and 352:
Each corrosion volume of scribed ar
Page 353 and 354:
Corrosion Area (mm 2 ) 1200 1000 80
Page 355 and 356:
Corrosion Area (mm 2 ) Corrosion Ra
Page 357 and 358:
Corrosion Rate (mm/yr) Corrosion Vo
Page 359 and 360:
Corrosion Area (mm 2 ) corrosion ra
Page 361 and 362:
corrosion rate (mm/yr) Corrosion Vo
Page 363 and 364:
Corrosion Volume (mm/yr) Corrosion
Page 365 and 366:
ate, PPG CA7233 coated samples had
Page 367 and 368:
Appendix 6B Table 6B.1. Corrosion v
Page 369 and 370:
Table 6B.3. Corrosion rate of sampl
Page 371 and 372:
Table 6B.5. Corrosion area of sampl
Page 373 and 374:
5.7. Task 7: Characterization of Lo
Page 375 and 376:
at 65C. After using DI water to rin
Page 377 and 378:
Transmission Mode Conduct EIS measu
Page 379 and 380:
Cdl(F/cm 2 ) Rp(.cm 2 ) relatively
Page 381 and 382:
pit bottom area (cm 2 ) pit bottom
Page 383 and 384:
2days 2days 1mm 1mm 7days 7days Pit
Page 385 and 386:
(a) (b) Si Si O Al Na Ca K Si Al-Cu
Page 387 and 388:
Pit 1 and pit 2 as shown in Figure
Page 389 and 390:
In these experiments, Deft primers
Page 391 and 392:
For the case of as-deposited thin f
Page 393 and 394:
3. L. Balazs, Physica E, 54, 1183-1
Page 395 and 396:
and subsequently re-oxidized in two
Page 397 and 398:
not represent true adhesion strengt
Page 399 and 400:
• The pit morphology in 0.5 M NaC
Page 401 and 402:
Appendix 2. List of Scientific/Tech
Page 403 and 404:
“The Secret Life of Chromate Free
show all

Final Report - Strategic Environmental Research and Development ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?