Good practices for Social inclusion - Case studies and summary

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Outline of the case study The next section describes the methodology used (3.1), the already existing approaches (3.2) and the resulting adjustments (3.3), covering human excreta and blackwater disposal, drainage, solid waste management, hygiene and sanitation promotion, WASH in schools and ISSDP‘s own organization. Section 4 gives the key lessons and conclusion from strengthening social inclusion in ISSDP (4.1) and the major conclusions for SWITCH (4.2). The appendices contain a some specific outputs related to social inclusion in ISSDP: inclusive city sanitation strategies, baseline formats and project digests for action research. Strengthening the gender equity and pro-poor focus Methodology The methodology used was to identify and build on good practices on the ground and develop them into a more systematic social inclusion strategy for the planned sanitation and hygiene interventions. A mix of indirect and direct methods was used, with (1) a desk study, (2) interviews with programme staff in Jakarta and the cities (the six city coordinators), (3) meetings with the Sanitation Pokjas, or Sanitation Working Groups comprising the heads of departments and NGOs with roles in city sanitation and hygiene, (4) visits to the lowest government level and poor neighbourhoods with gender and/or poverty specific services for observations, interviews and a hygiene workshop, (5) debriefings with city mayors/ pokjas or workshops on the proposed strengthening of social inclusion in the national language (Bahasa). Existing approaches at neighbourhood/city level This section presents a number of existing socially inclusiveness approaches that were found during the field visits: - Increased access of the poor to water for hygiene - Decentralised community-managed sewerage systems - Communal sanitation blocks(MCKs) - Community campaign for on-site household toilets - Informal private sector collecting and recycling inorganic waste - Productive use of bio-degradable solid waste - Municipal fund for neighbourhood projects - Supportive Campaigns - Gender equality in-house Increased access of the poor to water for hygiene he provincial capital of Kalimantan, Banjarmasin, is located in a large river delta. There are 17 poor neighbourhoods. The poor live in wooden houses on poles in the river and swamps. Alongside the houses are wooden jetties with ‗helikopter toilets‘ directly over the river ( Fig. 1). Neighbours and passers-by also use these toilets. While most poor people buy treated water for drinking per jerrican at communal reservoirs (the ―blue tanks‘‘, Fig. 2) they use river water for all other uses including washing food utensils and bathing (Fig 3). 45
Fig. 1 ―Helicopter‖ toilet Fig. 2 A blue tank Fig 3 Multiple uses of river water Two types of pro-poor and gender equity approaches were found: - One neighbourhood had made a poor old widow the tank operator. She supervised the collection and collected and accounted for the payments. In return she got a small payment and her own water free (Fig 4). - In another neighbourhood, the local government had subsidized the installation of private ‗ yard‘ connections. As a result, all households had an outside tap on their platforms and women were seen to wash utensils, food and clothes not with river water, as elsewhere, but with the tap water (Fig. 5). Fig. 4 Interviewing the local caretaker Fig. 5 An outside tap (on the left) for multi-purpose water use Decentralised community-managed sewerage systems In Denpasar, the capital of Bali, and Blitar in East Java, an NGO has helped several poor neighbourhoods to build on-site sewerage systems also known as SANIMAS. They consist of private connections to a series of inter-connected baffle reactors buried under the street pavement. Each house has an individual grease trap (Fig. 7). The tariff covers the cost of the operator who cleans blockages beyond the traps. Investment costs are highly subsidized: users currently pay only 2%. The city can therefore finance one system annually. A quick assessment brought out that poor households, such as migrant renters of a single room, and owners of rich houses (Fig. 7) paid the same flat amounts to construction and O&M. and that the local managing committee may be embezzling O&M funds. It kept accounts, but without accountability to local authorities and rate payers and incomes and expenditures did not tally. Only part of the O&M costs were covered from the income; the NGO paid for example for desludging. Women did not participate in sanitation meetings and they and the poor such as immigrants were not represented on the management committee. 46
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018530 - SWITCH Sustainable Water M
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Table of Contents From social ex
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From social exclusion to inclusion!
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were unable to form lobby groups wa
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018530 - SWITCH Sustainable Water M
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Executive Summary The Participatory
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Social Inclusion in Amrawy Amrawy a
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Page 24 and 25: Executive Summary The Basic Urban S
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Page 38 and 39: Abstract This case study on citizen
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Page 44 and 45: In 2004, Wilhelmsburg counted 48.32
Page 46 and 47: This specific platform operates in
Page 48 and 49: ). Until 2002, up to seven working
Page 50 and 51: Infrastructure development: develop
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Page 58 and 59: References Baumann & Ackermann (199
Page 60 and 61: Making urban sanitation strategies
Page 62 and 63: Indonesia - an overview Urban Sanit
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Page 68 and 69: Fig 6 Grease trap and baffle reacto
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Page 106 and 107: Denpasar Technical Administration M
Page 108 and 109: Brazil and beyond: lessons from par
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Positive outcomes in the north of E
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Public consultation on budgetary pl
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independence but this underestimate
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Positive outcomes of the MTA proces
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people are ‗invited in‘, as cou
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Some practical guidance Analyse the
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Including marginalised groups in eq
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Introduction and Background Introdu
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In some cases, they did not have en
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The EMPOWERS Project Guiding Princi
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Participatory methods and tools Var
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planning cycle, actions plan that w
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such as political tensions, antagon
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of around US$ 2-5 per person per ye
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Important longer-term indicators of
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http://www.irc.nl/content/download/
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Annex 1 : Examples of Selected pilo
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