Good practices for Social inclusion - Case studies and summary

Fig. 1 ―Helicopter‖
toilet
Fig. 2 A blue tank
Fig 3 Multiple uses of river water
Two types of pro-poor and gender equity approaches were found:
- One neighbourhood had made a poor old widow the tank operator. She
supervised the collection and collected and accounted for the payments. In
return she got a small payment and her own water free (Fig 4).
- In another neighbourhood, the local government had subsidized the
installation of private ‗ yard‘ connections. As a result, all households had
an outside tap on their platforms and women were seen to wash utensils,
food and clothes not with river water, as elsewhere, but with the tap water
(Fig. 5).
Fig. 4 Interviewing the local caretaker
Fig. 5 An outside tap (on the left) for multi-purpose water use
Decentralised community-managed sewerage systems
In Denpasar, the capital of Bali, and Blitar in East Java, an NGO has helped several
poor neighbourhoods to build on-site sewerage systems also known as SANIMAS.
They consist of private connections to a series of inter-connected baffle reactors
buried under the street pavement. Each house has an individual grease trap (Fig. 7).
The tariff covers the cost of the operator who cleans blockages beyond the traps.
Investment costs are highly subsidized: users currently pay only 2%. The city can
therefore finance one system annually.
A quick assessment brought out that poor households, such as migrant renters of a
single room, and owners of rich houses (Fig. 7) paid the same flat amounts to
construction and O&M. and that the local managing committee may be embezzling
O&M funds. It kept accounts, but without accountability to local authorities and rate
payers and incomes and expenditures did not tally. Only part of the O&M costs were
covered from the income; the NGO paid for example for desludging. Women did not
participate in sanitation meetings and they and the poor such as immigrants were not
represented on the management committee.
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