Good practices for Social inclusion - Case studies and summary

Annex 2: Terms of Reference for a study of MCK+ in Denpasar, Bali
Background and justification
DRAFT
International research shows that sanitation and hygiene improvements have a greater impact on health
than water improvements 42 . Installation and general and hygienic use of sanitary latrines and adequate
washing of hands are the two most significant measures in reducing disease transmission 43 .
Densely populated human settlements often lack the space for the installation of household latrines,
with serious consequences for public health. Social consequences of the lack of space are also serious.
Where private spaces for open air defecation are scarce, women and older girls must restrict defecation
to after sunset and before sunrise, walk considerable distances to suitable defecation areas and face
risks to their safety.
In such cases a communal toilet, bathing and laundry facility can be an alternative solution.
Experiences with communal toilets have however shown that such toilets only function well when the
responsibility to operate and maintain the toilet, the financing of the recurrent costs and the
management of the service are clearly defined and executed and when the operating organization has
certain interests, financially and otherwise, in proper maintenance and management.
A study of how effective an MCK is and what factors contribute to its effectiveness and shortcomings
has thus a wide relevance, not only for the sanitation strategy and its services to especially poor women,
men and children in the city of Denpasar, but also for other cities in Bali and in Indonesia in general.
For this reason a study of and article on the costs and effectiveness of the first MCK+ of Bali is
therefore proposed. The MCK+ is located in Jempiring, a densely populated low income community in
Kelurahan Ubung, Denpasar, Bali. The MCK+ has been designed and constructed by BaliFokus, a
local NGO with technical and financial assistance of BORDA, a German non-governmental
organization in 2003 (CHECK).
Objectives
The objectives of the study and documentation and publication are:
- to describe, analyse and document the approach, experiences and results of the MCK+ in
Jempiring
- to assess the cost-effectiveness of the established service;
- to draw general lessons and formulate general recommendations for the city sanitation strategy
and action plan 2009;
- to write an article on the case study and publish this in an Indonesian and international journal
on sanitation
Intended results
Intended results of the activity are:
- a documented case study on an approach advocated in the CSS of Denpasar and ISSDP in
general
- an article in a recognized sector journal on an innovative option for low cost sanitation
services in low-income urban settings
- strengthened capacity of the city to commission and use sanitation social research and
documentation;
- enhanced feedback of experience and results in the field to policy makers, programme
managers and training institutions.
42 See e.g. Esrey, S.A.
43 WHO, 19 .
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