Introductory Physics Volume Two

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144 Wave Optics 7.4 ⊲ Problem 7.5 For the following wave, graphed at seven different times, determine the amplitude, wavelength, period, frequency, angular frequency, wave number, and velocity. Write the function y(x, t) that describes the wave.
7.4 Electromagnetic Waves 145 § 7.4 Electromagnetic Waves With our eyes we are able to see electromagnetic (EM) waves that have wavelengths between about 400nm to 700nm. We experience light with different wavelengths as different colors, as indicated in the following table. Wavelength Frequency Perceived Color 740 to 625 nm 405 to 480 THz red 625 to 590 nm 480 to 510 THz orange 590 to 565 nm 510 to 530 THz yellow 565 to 520 nm 530 to 580 THz green 520 to 500 nm 580 to 600 THz cyan 500 to 430 nm 600 to 700 THz blue 430 to 380 nm 700 to 790 THz violet Note that the frequency and wavelength of an EM wave are related by λf = c where c is the speed of light. But this is only a small range of EM spectrum. We see that there are a number of familiar items in the spectrum: x- rays, microwaves, and radio waves are all EM waves. The range of the spectrum just above and just below the visible range are called the ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR). The prefixes ultra (above) and infra (below) refer to the frequency not the wavelength. ⊲ Problem 7.6 Your microwave oven is filled with EM waves with a frequency of about 3 GHz. What is the wavelength of the wave? The microwave oven heats up the objects in the oven, because the oscillating EM wave causes an oscillating electric force on the electric dipoles in the object, which causes the dipoles to oscillate. The frequency of a standard microwave
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1 Introductory Physics Volume Two S
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1.1 Electric Charge 3 Demo 1 Electr
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1.1 Electric Charge 5 Then charge a
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- - - - - 1.2 Coulomb’s Law 7 How
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1.2 Coulomb’s Law 9 Example Consi
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1.3 Electric Field 11 + - Compute t
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1.3 Electric Field 13 points a well
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1.3 Electric Field 15 Look back now
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1.5 Continuous Charge Distributions
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1.6 Gauss’s Law 19 § 1.6 Gauss
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1.6 Gauss’s Law 21 Suppose that y
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1.7 More Examples 23 ⊲ Problem 1.
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1.7 More Examples 25 The net force
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1.7 More Examples 27 out the net fo
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1.7 More Examples 29 -4q +2q -q E -
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1.7 More Examples 31 The area vecto
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1.8 Homework 33 ⊲ Problem 1.14 Ri
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1.9 Summary 35 § 1.9 Summary Defin
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2.1 Electric Potential 37 2 Electri
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2.1 Electric Potential 39 Example S
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2.2 Equipotentials 41 ⊲ Problem 2
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2.3 Conductors in Equilibrium 43
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2.4 Capacitors 45 § 2.4 Capacitors
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2.5 Energy in an Electric Field 47
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2.7 More Examples 49 ⊲ Problem 2.
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2.7 More Examples 51 The resulting
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2.8 Homework 53 add up potential du
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2.8 Homework 55 ⊲ Problem 2.27 Ho
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3.2 Electric Current 57 3 Circuits
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3.3 Ohm’s Law 59 Some materials,
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3.5 Kirchhoff’s Rules 61 ⊲ Prob
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3.6 Resistors in Combination 63 par
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3.8 Capacitor Circuits 65 Theorem:
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3.9 More Examples 67 Note that the
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3.9 More Examples 69 This mean that
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3.9 More Examples 71 15Ω 5Ω 10Ω
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3.9 More Examples 73 First combine
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3.10 Homework 75 ⊲ Problem 3.16 B
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3.10 Homework 77 4 µF + - 2 µF +
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3.11 Summary 79 § 3.11 Summary Def
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4.2 Magnetic Force on a Current 81
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4.3 Trajectories Under Magnetic For
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4.4 Lorentz Force 85 with a charge
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4.5 Hall Effect 87 But this charge
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4.6 More Examples 89 -e F E v F B =
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4.6 More Examples 91 The force on t
Page 93 and 94: 4.7 Homework 93 Imagine the closed
Page 95 and 96: 4.7 Homework 95 circular orbits. Wr
Page 97 and 98: 5.1 Sources of Magnetic Field 97 5
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Page 101 and 102: 5.2 Ampere’s Law 101 and ⃗ dr s
Page 103 and 104: 5.2 Ampere’s Law 103 This satisfi
Page 105 and 106: 5.4 More Examples 105 distance r fr
Page 107 and 108: 5.4 More Examples 107 up the integr
Page 109 and 110: 5.4 More Examples 109 Use the Biot-
Page 111 and 112: 5.5 Homework 111 The magnetic force
Page 113 and 114: 5.5 Homework 113 3.00 A 1.00 A 1 mm
Page 115 and 116: 6.2 Faraday’s Law 115 6 Time Vary
Page 117 and 118: 6.2 Faraday’s Law 117 Definition:
Page 119 and 120: 6.3 Maxwell’s Extension of Ampere
Page 121 and 122: 6.4 Inductance 121 Example Suppose
Page 123 and 124: 6.7 AC Circuit Elements 123 + V S-
Page 125 and 126: 6.8 Phasor Diagrams 125 Theorem: Im
Page 127 and 128: 6.8 Phasor Diagrams 127 What we wan
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Page 137 and 138: 7.1 Maxwell Equations 137 7 Wave Op
Page 139 and 140: 7.2 Describing Oscillations 139 tio
Page 141 and 142: 7.3 Describing Waves 141 For a harm
Page 143: 7.3 Describing Waves 143 Definition
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Page 149 and 150: 7.7 Interference of Two Sources 149
Page 151 and 152: 7.8 Far Field Approximation 151 §
Page 153 and 154: 7.9 Thin Film Interference 153 pass
Page 155 and 156: 7.11 Homework 155 Second Min First
Page 157 and 158: 7.11 Homework 157 θ 2 d θ 1 θ 2
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Page 161 and 162: 8.2 Reflection 161 8 Geometric Opti
Page 163 and 164: 8.4 Snell’s Law 163 We see then t
Page 165 and 166: 8.5 Virtual Image Caused by Refract
Page 167 and 168: 8.6 Thin Lens Equation 167 back in
Page 169 and 170: 8.7 Virtual Image in a Converging L
Page 171 and 172: 8.8 Diverging Lenses 171 (b) virtua
Page 173 and 174: 8.10 Multi-Lens Optical Systems 173
Page 175 and 176: 8.11 Homework 175 We can also compu
Page 177 and 178: @ Summary 177 § 8.12 Summary Facts
Page 179 and 180: A Hints 179 1.14 Since this is only
Page 181 and 182: A Hints 181 2.27 Imagine that you b
Page 183 and 184: A Hints 183 4.12 Consider the vecto
Page 185 and 186: A Hints 185 7.26 The distance from
Page 187 and 188: B Index 187 † Ohm’s Law: Resist
Page 189 and 190: B Index 189
Page 191 and 192: C Power Series Expansions 191 The F
Page 193: D Unit Prefixes 193 § D.3 Fundamen
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