AIDJEX Bulletin #40 - Polar Science Center - University of Washington

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FREC 1 INCY / DOPPLER / FREQUENCY / ----4 MEASURED L TIME / DESIRED INTERVAL Fig. 11. The Doppler count is an intestral of the Doppler frequency versus time, an area under the curve plotted here. The timing delays b, and b, shift the measurement interval and thus alter the area. A correction--the "time recovery" correction--is described in the text. RE FEREN CES Brown, W. P., and E. G. Kerut, 1975. Arctic environment buoy system. In Ocean 75, Proceedings 19 75 IEEE InternationaZ Conference on Engineering in the Ocean Environment, IEEE Publ. No. CHO 995-1 OEC, pp. 50-55. Also in this Bulletin, pp. 15-20. Denzler, D. W. R. 1970. Translocation Reference Manual. Rep. No. S3-R-007 (Oct. 1970), Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Silver Springs, Md. Kalman, R. E., and R. S. Bucy. 1961. New results in linear filtering and prediction theory. Journal of Basic Engineering, 830, 95-108. Thorndike, A. S. 1974. Strain calculations using AIDJEX 1972 position data. AIDJEX Bulletin, 24, 107-129. Thorndike, A. S., and J. Cheung. 1977. AIDJEX measurements of sea ice motion, 11 April 1975 to 14 May 1976. AIDJEX Bulletin, 35, 1-149. Wasilew, D., and J. Vivian. 1976. Satellite positioning techniques in the Arctic. In Proceedings Eighth Annual Offshore Techno logy Conference, paper no. OTC 2460, Dallas, Texas. 101
AIRCRAFT LOGISTICS AND DRIFTING BUOY COVERAGE FOR THE FIRST GARP GLOBAL EXPERIMENT Pat Martin AIDJEX There has been a shift of emphasis in the plans for distribution of drifting data buoys in FGGE away from the Antarctic convergence and toward the tropics in response to the elimination of the carrier balloon/dropsonde program from the observing system. Early plans had called for 300 buoys to be deployed between latitudes 55's and 65's to collect surf ace temperature and pressure data not available from satellite soundings due to the persistent cloudinessin that region. Recent deployment plans emphasize coverage of temperate latitudes (3OoS-55'S) and have very sparse coverage south of 55OS (Fig. 1). The hope of polar scientists to have significant new data in conjunction with FGGE is not reflected in FGGE data buoy plans. The schedule for buoy deployments reflects a heavy emphasis on the first special observing period (SOP) in the austral summer (Fig. 2). Of the 240 buoys covered in the current plans, 185 are scheduled to be deployed before May 1979 and 55 after that. The few deployments in May and June which could be effective in producing good coverage of the effects of the Antarctic winter on the Southern Ocean are, instead, to be deployed primarily between 20's and 4OoS, as seen in the hatched area of Figure 1. In this respect the FGGE is rapidly becoming a rare opportunity lost to polar science. For the first (and perhaps only) time the observing system in the Southern Hemisphere will be reasonably complete, except for the ocean south of the Antarctic convergence and especially in the austral winter. This unfortunate situation came about in part because polar scientists were not aware of the extent to which the shift to lower latitudes would dilute high latitude coverage and did not press decisions for a higher priority on polar coverage or establish independent programs. The shift of emphasis to mid-lat5tudes and summer was also necessitated by the availability 103
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DATA BUOYS AIDJEX BULLETIN No. 40 J
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NOTE TO FRIENDS, AND BYSTANDERS . .
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SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS I
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milestones, kept the vendor working
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The scene during deployment of HF-N
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The initial AIDJEX scientific plan
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poizr-orbiting satellite, which is
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t@ the spacecraft during each orbit
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BUOY NAHE COMMUN. COMMANDS FIXES TA
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L( 0 I 2 3 4 3 Radial error, kilome
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The buoy will be subjected to tempe
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nics occupy about 12 feet of the 17
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Ill -- - KEY AIUJEX WIN WW AEBa 0 4
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event that a melt pond should form
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chute supplied by Paranetics Inc. i
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6'" IqORGANIC LITHIUM BP.TTEI?Y IMP
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OM (AD RAMS) UREMEN~ \ AIRDROP N m
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provides a grid from which geostrop
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words; a four-bit air temperature w
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PERFORMANCE OF MET/OCEAN BUOYS IN A
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Sensor samples were taken every thr
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strengths are known, were used with
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the ice (causing reduced shear). An
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(McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) , TABL
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70°N 75'N n 3 P 17OOW (D Y 170°W
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12OOW * U Station 25. Xeasurements
Page 54 and 55: (McPhee , Mangum, and Martin) 2701
Page 56 and 57: (McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) a 0 a
Page 58 and 59: "i BUOY 4 I 43 360- 309- 257 206 15
Page 60 and 61: a30gl 251 I 60 511 r 43 BUOY 4 I
Page 62 and 63: n 4, (McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) 8
Page 64 and 65: (McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) 33 W c
Page 66 and 67: . '-,..I.. . B A R R O W W I N D S
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Page 70 and 71: I 25 23 t h--:!li[ NCI PiHCEl4l 22
Page 72 and 73: .5 .4 .3 0 A R 2 R 0 W J - 0 B U -
Page 74 and 75: 9 1.5 1.0 c 8 w .5 R 930 $ 565 1000
Page 76 and 77: Clock corrections were applied rout
Page 78 and 79: Q) u o z z i 4- 4- Z + + z f n 9 Ef
Page 80 and 81: TABLE 1 DIFFERENCES IN DAILY TEMPER
Page 82 and 83: Laboratory calibration of the ADRAM
Page 84 and 85: 3.20- - 1 t W o? 2 3.051 ...:-.;..
Page 86 and 87: POSITION MEASUREMENTS OF AIDJEX MAN
Page 88 and 89: some redundancy. Four points were u
Page 90 and 91: 75.5 75.: - E75.1 LLI % y75.c - 1 1
Page 92 and 93: The translocation principle removes
Page 94 and 95: POSITION ACCURACY To evaluate the q
Page 96 and 97: TABLE 1 STAND-ALONE ACCURACY 68th P
Page 98 and 99: Az i mu t h s When both receivers a
Page 100 and 101: DATA PROCESSING Following the field
Page 102 and 103: model ice motion in the statistical
Page 106 and 107: 35 30 25 v) > 0 2 20 LL 0 r= E m 15
Page 108 and 109: An example of a large-scale buoy ar
Page 110 and 111: observations are needed in remote a
Page 112 and 113: useful for determining how various
Page 114 and 115: as well as velocity fields, we must
Page 116 and 117: Since small changes in the yield su
Page 118 and 119: The transformation of the system of
Page 120 and 121: e able to judge how well such a mod
Page 122 and 123: then the flow rule becomes Q = +A -
Page 124 and 125: [-B' -F Finally, we eliminate Carte
Page 126 and 127: differential equation. 2. Discontin
Page 128 and 129: Substituting (36) and (37) into (34
Page 130 and 131: arbitrarily assign the values of 1
Page 132 and 133: The special case when advection can
Page 134 and 135: TABLE 1 STRETCHING, STRESS, ASP CHA
Page 136 and 137: ate of deformation, we have normali
Page 138 and 139: CHARACTERISTIC EQUATIONS The ordina
Page 140 and 141: One way to circumvent the problems
Page 142 and 143: The equations governing solutions a
Page 144 and 145: It is readily seen that when body f
Page 146 and 147: which may be substituted into equat
Page 148 and 149: a the stress derivative dCldS remai
Page 150 and 151: Although we have not studied in thi
Page 152 and 153: Courant, R., and D. Hilbert. 1962.
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A RESEARCH PLAN TO TEST THE AIDJEX
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the barges managed to reach their d
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APPROACH A baseline simulation 0-f
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SENSITIVITY OF ICE RESPONSE TO DIFF
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Since free drift of ice is computed
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and what is observed becomes less i
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stresses appear to be relatively un
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ehavior is directly related to accu
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TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF ESTIMATED ERR
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a) Base line b) 24-hour prediction
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\ / a) Base line b) 24- hour predi
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a) Base line b) 24- hour predi ct i
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\ / a) Base line b) 24-hour predict
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.. a) Base line b) 24- hour predict
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J2 a) Base line b) 24-hour predicti
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) 24-hour prediction c) 36-hour pre
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8 Figure 17. AIDJEX surface pressur
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APPENDIX 1 AIDJEX DATA FILES 1. Pos
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9A. Surface-1 eve1 ai r pressure (d
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19. Surface pressure (Val i dated)
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APPENDIX 2 AIDJEX DATA TRANSFERRED
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I -7-71327GEO A Cards (continued) 7
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B Cards (continued) 201
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