AIDJEX Bulletin #40 - Polar Science Center - University of Washington

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the ice (causing reduced shear). An interesting event is apparent beginning about day 360 in the 30 m speed at M/O 1 (Figure 13). Note that the current speed is sustained at a level appreciably higher than the ice speed for several days. A similar event occurs at buoy M/O 4 about 10 days later. It is possible to conjecture that the events are from the same baroclinic disturbance which is propagating eastward at about 40 cm sec-l (the buoys are approximately 400 km apart). There is also a sustained current during February, March, and April 1976 at M/O 4 in the absence of much ice drift. The current is apparently westward, as would be expected in the southern part of the gyre. CONCLUSIONS Ocean current measurements from the buoys are encouraging for more widespread studies of near-surface currents under sea ice. Although the buoys were experimental, and suffered some shortcomings due to lack of experience, they did provide new observations of inertial oscillations, propagating mesoscale features, and persistent westerly currents in the southern Beaufort Sea. The magnetic compass appears to have produced good azimuth data. We have had trouble interpreting the current meter directional measurements and consider some of the directional data suspect; however, this may be more due to prejudice from previous ice station experience rather than the actual evidence from the buoys. We do point out that when a towing velocity is provided by the ice, the directional measurement requires higher precision to determine the actual current direction to the same accuracy than if the current meter were fixed. This is something that should be considered in the design of future buoys. It also seems well within present technical capability to provide vectoT averaging of measured currents. The installation would be greatly simplified if current meters suspended more than a €ew meters below the buoy hull were equipped with compasses so that the rigid mast could be eliminated. Sensitive water temperature sensors seem feasible and would be useful, particularly during the summer months, to indicate the amount of stratification near the surface. 41
AC KNO WL EDGME NTS The buoys were built by the Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, under contract for NOAA Environmental Research Laboratory, monitored by the NOAA Data Buoy Office and AIDJEX. Dean Haugen, Fred Karig, and Mike Dozier of APL deservetcredit for producing an entirely new type of buoy v’ in an extremely short time. Thanks are due NASA, and especially Bill Seechuk, for not only routine operation of the Random Access Measurement System, but also for special help in keeping track of buoys day by day during field operations. Me1 Clarke and Dave Short of the AIDJEX office helped sort out the barometric pressure data. Thanks. REFERENCES Haugen, D. P., and K. M. Dozier. 1975. Magnetic direction reference sensors for high-latitude applications. APL-UW 7510. Martin, P., and C. R. Gillespie. 1976. Arctic odyssey: Five years of data buoys in AIDJEX. In Proceedings of the WMO/COSPAR Conference on Meteorological Observations from Space: Their Application to FGGE; and this AIDJEX Bulletin. Pritchard, R. 1976. An estimate of the strength of arctic pack ice. AIDJEX Bulletin, 34, 94-113. Rothrock, D. A. 1975. The steady drift of an incompressible arcticicecover. Journal of Geophysical Research, 80(30), 387-397. Thorndike, A. S., and J. Cheung. 1977. AIDJEX measurements of sea ice motion, 11 April 1975 to 14 May 1976. AIDJEX Bulletin, 35, 1-149. 42
Page 2 and 3: DATA BUOYS AIDJEX BULLETIN No. 40 J
Page 4 and 5: NOTE TO FRIENDS, AND BYSTANDERS . .
Page 6 and 7: SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS I
Page 8 and 9: milestones, kept the vendor working
Page 10 and 11: The scene during deployment of HF-N
Page 12 and 13: The initial AIDJEX scientific plan
Page 14 and 15: poizr-orbiting satellite, which is
Page 16 and 17: t@ the spacecraft during each orbit
Page 18 and 19: BUOY NAHE COMMUN. COMMANDS FIXES TA
Page 20 and 21: L( 0 I 2 3 4 3 Radial error, kilome
Page 22 and 23: The buoy will be subjected to tempe
Page 24 and 25: nics occupy about 12 feet of the 17
Page 26 and 27: Ill -- - KEY AIUJEX WIN WW AEBa 0 4
Page 28 and 29: event that a melt pond should form
Page 30 and 31: chute supplied by Paranetics Inc. i
Page 32 and 33: 6'" IqORGANIC LITHIUM BP.TTEI?Y IMP
Page 34 and 35: OM (AD RAMS) UREMEN~ \ AIRDROP N m
Page 36 and 37: provides a grid from which geostrop
Page 38 and 39: words; a four-bit air temperature w
Page 40 and 41: PERFORMANCE OF MET/OCEAN BUOYS IN A
Page 42 and 43: Sensor samples were taken every thr
Page 44 and 45: strengths are known, were used with
Page 48 and 49: (McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) , TABL
Page 50 and 51: 70°N 75'N n 3 P 17OOW (D Y 170°W
Page 52 and 53: 12OOW * U Station 25. Xeasurements
Page 54 and 55: (McPhee , Mangum, and Martin) 2701
Page 56 and 57: (McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) a 0 a
Page 58 and 59: "i BUOY 4 I 43 360- 309- 257 206 15
Page 60 and 61: a30gl 251 I 60 511 r 43 BUOY 4 I
Page 62 and 63: n 4, (McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) 8
Page 64 and 65: (McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) 33 W c
Page 66 and 67: . '-,..I.. . B A R R O W W I N D S
Page 68 and 69: :
Page 70 and 71: I 25 23 t h--:!li[ NCI PiHCEl4l 22
Page 72 and 73: .5 .4 .3 0 A R 2 R 0 W J - 0 B U -
Page 74 and 75: 9 1.5 1.0 c 8 w .5 R 930 $ 565 1000
Page 76 and 77: Clock corrections were applied rout
Page 78 and 79: Q) u o z z i 4- 4- Z + + z f n 9 Ef
Page 80 and 81: TABLE 1 DIFFERENCES IN DAILY TEMPER
Page 82 and 83: Laboratory calibration of the ADRAM
Page 84 and 85: 3.20- - 1 t W o? 2 3.051 ...:-.;..
Page 86 and 87: POSITION MEASUREMENTS OF AIDJEX MAN
Page 88 and 89: some redundancy. Four points were u
Page 90 and 91: 75.5 75.: - E75.1 LLI % y75.c - 1 1
Page 92 and 93: The translocation principle removes
Page 94 and 95: POSITION ACCURACY To evaluate the q
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TABLE 1 STAND-ALONE ACCURACY 68th P
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Az i mu t h s When both receivers a
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DATA PROCESSING Following the field
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model ice motion in the statistical
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FREC 1 INCY / DOPPLER / FREQUENCY /
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35 30 25 v) > 0 2 20 LL 0 r= E m 15
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An example of a large-scale buoy ar
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observations are needed in remote a
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useful for determining how various
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as well as velocity fields, we must
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Since small changes in the yield su
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The transformation of the system of
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e able to judge how well such a mod
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then the flow rule becomes Q = +A -
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[-B' -F Finally, we eliminate Carte
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differential equation. 2. Discontin
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Substituting (36) and (37) into (34
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arbitrarily assign the values of 1
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The special case when advection can
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TABLE 1 STRETCHING, STRESS, ASP CHA
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ate of deformation, we have normali
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CHARACTERISTIC EQUATIONS The ordina
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One way to circumvent the problems
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The equations governing solutions a
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It is readily seen that when body f
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which may be substituted into equat
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a the stress derivative dCldS remai
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Although we have not studied in thi
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Courant, R., and D. Hilbert. 1962.
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A RESEARCH PLAN TO TEST THE AIDJEX
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the barges managed to reach their d
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APPROACH A baseline simulation 0-f
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SENSITIVITY OF ICE RESPONSE TO DIFF
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Since free drift of ice is computed
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and what is observed becomes less i
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stresses appear to be relatively un
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ehavior is directly related to accu
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TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF ESTIMATED ERR
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a) Base line b) 24-hour prediction
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\ / a) Base line b) 24- hour predi
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a) Base line b) 24- hour predi ct i
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\ / a) Base line b) 24-hour predict
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.. a) Base line b) 24- hour predict
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J2 a) Base line b) 24-hour predicti
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) 24-hour prediction c) 36-hour pre
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8 Figure 17. AIDJEX surface pressur
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APPENDIX 1 AIDJEX DATA FILES 1. Pos
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9A. Surface-1 eve1 ai r pressure (d
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19. Surface pressure (Val i dated)
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APPENDIX 2 AIDJEX DATA TRANSFERRED
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I -7-71327GEO A Cards (continued) 7
Page 202:
B Cards (continued) 201
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AIDJEX Bulletin #40 - Polar Science Center - University of Washington

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