AIDJEX Bulletin #40 - Polar Science Center - University of Washington

More documents

Recommendations

Info

L( 0 I 2 3 4 3 Radial error, kilometers -/. ?ig. 3. Effect of various editing techniques on ?AIS accuracy with and without along-track errors for NASA reference platform, 15- 20 Feb. 1976. Lower case--along-track errors are present: upper case--along-track errors are removed. Type of edit--8 = none; A = elevation angle; B = messages used > 12- C = messapes used > 8; T = two pass fixes only; F = A+T; Q = quality inclex .? 47. H = A+T+q. r l i-? ~ Improvement in TMS ~osition errors by removtnp ?Xong-tracL satellite errors. IB platform 1337, mcorrected: t platforr; 1237. corrected; NASA platfom,, corrected, 14
Arctic Environmental Buoy System Walter P. Brown Polar Research Lab., Inc. Edmund G. Kerut, NOAA Data Buoy Office ABSTRACT The AEB is a remote unattended data acquisition and telemetry system designed for deployment on ice covered seas. The total system as presently configured consists of up to 12 AEBs and a Central Control Station (CCS). The Central Control Station under computer control collects the data from the AEBs, processes the data and formats the data on a digital tape for future analysis. The CCS is also capable of controlling the majority of the AEB functions via a command link. The AEB is configured to sample sensor data and acquire position data at three hour intervals automatically. The present sensor configuration allows 6 primary sensors with 10 bit resolution and 16 auxiliary sensors with 5 bit resolution. The auxiliary sensors are sampled only once per day. The sensor data and position data are stored in a digital memory which is transmitted via an H.F. link once per day to the Central Control Station. A unique dual memory concept is utilized to prevent data loss due to propagation vagaries and polar cap absorption events. The position measurements are accomplished by an on-board NAVSAT receiver. INTRODUCTION The NOM Data Buoy Office (NDBO) engineering development activities include the development of arctic data buoys in support of national and international scientific experiments. As part of these activities a program has recently been successfully concluded to develop and test three prototype arctic environmental buoys (AEB) to provide the remote data requirements of a scientific experiment designed by the kctic - Ice gynamics Joint Eperiment (AIDJEX) Project Office. The experiment is designed to investigate the large scale response of sea ice to changing environmental parameters. The AIDJEX program as presently envisioned is the first of a series of studies that will subsequently be incorporated under a large E a r seriment (POLEX). The objective of the AIDJEX experiment is to reach, through coordinated field experiments and theoretical analysis, a fundamental understanding of the dynamic and thermodynamic interaction between arctic sea ice and its environment and to answer basic questions of the mechanisms which cause large scale ice deformation and the effect of ice deformation and morphology on the heat balance. The experimental design requires the establishment of an array of drifting ice buoys in the Arctic Ocean to measure atmospheric pressure and temperature at the sea ice surface. An essential requirement of the buoy design was to develop a position determination capability, an order of magnitude beyond the capability of polar orbiting meteorology satellites with position fixing capability, which would be operational during the experiment . The program phases included the following elements: the study of the experimental design for the AIDJEX experiment which involved the array of Arctic Data Buoys (AEB) and the translation of the system measurement requirements into a system specification; the design and development of prototype system hardware to meet the measurement requirements and test objectives of the AXDJEX experiment; fabrication of three prototype AEB's and associated test set for test and evaluation in the field prior to the main experiment; and performance of laboratory and field testing on the prototype system to verify experimentally its ability to meet the measurement requirements and test objectives of the main experiment. The design, development and fabrication program was performed by the Polar Research Laboratory in Santa Barbara, California under contract to NDBO. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS The conceptual design of the Arctic Environmental Buoy (AEB) System was formulated to meet both the near term requirements of the Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment (AIDJEX) and the general need for gathering data on the Arctic ice pack. The basic requirements were to sample a number of sensors on a synoptic basis (i.e., every 3 hours starting at 0000 Zulu), provide an accurate position for the system 8 times a day and to transmit the data at least once per day. In addition the AEB system was to have an unattcnded life of 8-14 months. The range of the remote buoy stations from the Central Station is expected to be 250 to 500 Km during the life of the experiment and therefore an H.F. link was selected. Frequency selection and modulation methods were chosen on the basis of computer analysis and studies (1)(2)(3) performed at the Institute of Telecommunication Sciences in Boulder, Colorado. The structural design of the buoy hull and antenna was heavily influenced by the unique environmental conditions of the Arctic ice pack. 50 - IEEE OCEAN '75 15
Page 2 and 3: DATA BUOYS AIDJEX BULLETIN No. 40 J
Page 4 and 5: NOTE TO FRIENDS, AND BYSTANDERS . .
Page 6 and 7: SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS I
Page 8 and 9: milestones, kept the vendor working
Page 10 and 11: The scene during deployment of HF-N
Page 12 and 13: The initial AIDJEX scientific plan
Page 14 and 15: poizr-orbiting satellite, which is
Page 16 and 17: t@ the spacecraft during each orbit
Page 18 and 19: BUOY NAHE COMMUN. COMMANDS FIXES TA
Page 22 and 23: The buoy will be subjected to tempe
Page 24 and 25: nics occupy about 12 feet of the 17
Page 26 and 27: Ill -- - KEY AIUJEX WIN WW AEBa 0 4
Page 28 and 29: event that a melt pond should form
Page 30 and 31: chute supplied by Paranetics Inc. i
Page 32 and 33: 6'" IqORGANIC LITHIUM BP.TTEI?Y IMP
Page 34 and 35: OM (AD RAMS) UREMEN~ \ AIRDROP N m
Page 36 and 37: provides a grid from which geostrop
Page 38 and 39: words; a four-bit air temperature w
Page 40 and 41: PERFORMANCE OF MET/OCEAN BUOYS IN A
Page 42 and 43: Sensor samples were taken every thr
Page 44 and 45: strengths are known, were used with
Page 46 and 47: the ice (causing reduced shear). An
Page 48 and 49: (McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) , TABL
Page 50 and 51: 70°N 75'N n 3 P 17OOW (D Y 170°W
Page 52 and 53: 12OOW * U Station 25. Xeasurements
Page 54 and 55: (McPhee , Mangum, and Martin) 2701
Page 56 and 57: (McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) a 0 a
Page 58 and 59: "i BUOY 4 I 43 360- 309- 257 206 15
Page 60 and 61: a30gl 251 I 60 511 r 43 BUOY 4 I
Page 62 and 63: n 4, (McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) 8
Page 64 and 65: (McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) 33 W c
Page 66 and 67: . '-,..I.. . B A R R O W W I N D S
Page 68 and 69: :
Page 70 and 71:
I 25 23 t h--:!li[ NCI PiHCEl4l 22
Page 72 and 73:
.5 .4 .3 0 A R 2 R 0 W J - 0 B U -
Page 74 and 75:
9 1.5 1.0 c 8 w .5 R 930 $ 565 1000
Page 76 and 77:
Clock corrections were applied rout
Page 78 and 79:
Q) u o z z i 4- 4- Z + + z f n 9 Ef
Page 80 and 81:
TABLE 1 DIFFERENCES IN DAILY TEMPER
Page 82 and 83:
Laboratory calibration of the ADRAM
Page 84 and 85:
3.20- - 1 t W o? 2 3.051 ...:-.;..
Page 86 and 87:
POSITION MEASUREMENTS OF AIDJEX MAN
Page 88 and 89:
some redundancy. Four points were u
Page 90 and 91:
75.5 75.: - E75.1 LLI % y75.c - 1 1
Page 92 and 93:
The translocation principle removes
Page 94 and 95:
POSITION ACCURACY To evaluate the q
Page 96 and 97:
TABLE 1 STAND-ALONE ACCURACY 68th P
Page 98 and 99:
Az i mu t h s When both receivers a
Page 100 and 101:
DATA PROCESSING Following the field
Page 102 and 103:
model ice motion in the statistical
Page 104 and 105:
FREC 1 INCY / DOPPLER / FREQUENCY /
Page 106 and 107:
35 30 25 v) > 0 2 20 LL 0 r= E m 15
Page 108 and 109:
An example of a large-scale buoy ar
Page 110 and 111:
observations are needed in remote a
Page 112 and 113:
useful for determining how various
Page 114 and 115:
as well as velocity fields, we must
Page 116 and 117:
Since small changes in the yield su
Page 118 and 119:
The transformation of the system of
Page 120 and 121:
e able to judge how well such a mod
Page 122 and 123:
then the flow rule becomes Q = +A -
Page 124 and 125:
[-B' -F Finally, we eliminate Carte
Page 126 and 127:
differential equation. 2. Discontin
Page 128 and 129:
Substituting (36) and (37) into (34
Page 130 and 131:
arbitrarily assign the values of 1
Page 132 and 133:
The special case when advection can
Page 134 and 135:
TABLE 1 STRETCHING, STRESS, ASP CHA
Page 136 and 137:
ate of deformation, we have normali
Page 138 and 139:
CHARACTERISTIC EQUATIONS The ordina
Page 140 and 141:
One way to circumvent the problems
Page 142 and 143:
The equations governing solutions a
Page 144 and 145:
It is readily seen that when body f
Page 146 and 147:
which may be substituted into equat
Page 148 and 149:
a the stress derivative dCldS remai
Page 150 and 151:
Although we have not studied in thi
Page 152 and 153:
Courant, R., and D. Hilbert. 1962.
Page 154 and 155:
A RESEARCH PLAN TO TEST THE AIDJEX
Page 156 and 157:
the barges managed to reach their d
Page 158 and 159:
APPROACH A baseline simulation 0-f
Page 160 and 161:
SENSITIVITY OF ICE RESPONSE TO DIFF
Page 162 and 163:
Since free drift of ice is computed
Page 164 and 165:
and what is observed becomes less i
Page 166 and 167:
stresses appear to be relatively un
Page 168 and 169:
ehavior is directly related to accu
Page 170 and 171:
TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF ESTIMATED ERR
Page 172 and 173:
a) Base line b) 24-hour prediction
Page 174 and 175:
\ / a) Base line b) 24- hour predi
Page 176 and 177:
a) Base line b) 24- hour predi ct i
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
\ / a) Base line b) 24-hour predict
Page 182 and 183:
.. a) Base line b) 24- hour predict
Page 184 and 185:
J2 a) Base line b) 24-hour predicti
Page 186 and 187:
) 24-hour prediction c) 36-hour pre
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
8 Figure 17. AIDJEX surface pressur
Page 192 and 193:
APPENDIX 1 AIDJEX DATA FILES 1. Pos
Page 194 and 195:
9A. Surface-1 eve1 ai r pressure (d
Page 196 and 197:
19. Surface pressure (Val i dated)
Page 198 and 199:
APPENDIX 2 AIDJEX DATA TRANSFERRED
Page 200 and 201:
I -7-71327GEO A Cards (continued) 7
Page 202:
B Cards (continued) 201
show all

AIDJEX Bulletin #40 - Polar Science Center - University of Washington

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?