AIDJEX Bulletin #40 - Polar Science Center - University of Washington

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APPENDIX 1 AIDJEX DATA FILES 1. Position of manned camps and buoys, in latitude and longitude vs. time Approximately 10 positions were calculated each day for each operating station using the Transit navigational satellite or the Nimbus F satellite. Data for the manned camps were taken from 10 April 1975 to 20 April 1976. Data for buoys in the Beaufort Sea were taken from 10 April 1975 to November 1977. Note that the lifetime of most buoys is about six months. These data characterize the motion of pack ice in the Beaufort Sea for all seasons of the year. A new set of 8 buoys were deployed in March 1977. Tracks of these buoys are part of the OCSEAP data. Their positions are given in three data transfers of 1977 to OCS. The last of these buoys died 7 Nov. 1977. Data are organized in a time series for each station, with a separation marker at the end of each 20-day period. Note: All these data ale in geographic coordinates--latitude and longitude. OCSEAP = Offshore Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program. 2. Smoothed position, velocity, and acceleration for manned camps and buoys, in Cartesian coordinates Data from file 1 above have been post-processed using a Kalman filter technique. In one form--sorting on time--position, velocity, and acceleration from each operating buoy are arrayed together at three-hour intervals. In another form-- sorting on station--position and velocity are given as a time series, separately for each station. A variance measure accompanies each element of data to characterize its error. 3. Source data for RAMS buoys tracked by Nimbus F satellite Position data acquired from the start of Nimbus F operation in June 1975 have been provided by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and, after decoding and editing, have been incorporated into file 1 above. Several land-based RAMS packages are included in order to determine the temporal and spatial accuracy of the tracking system. No RAMS buoys were operational after 7 Nov. 1977. 4. Rotation of the manned camp floes (azimuth) The orientation of the camp floes, to which the Navigational Satellite Positioning System was aligned, was determined together with the camp position. Each camp azimuth, with respect to true north, was been smoothed for the period 10 April 1975 to 22 April 1976. Angular position and rate of rotation for all camps are given at three-hour intervals in a time-sorted data file together with error estimates for each datum. These data are also available in camp-sorted order, a separate time series for each camp. 19 1
5. Ice thickness and snow depth Periodic measurements were made at various sites near the manned camps. Statistical evaluation of ice and snow conditions were made from frequent measurements areound a given site. Data are not continuous. Tabulations of available data for the period 10 April 1975 to 29 June 1975 have been published in AIDJEX Bulletin No. 32 (June 1976). Subsequent data have not been organized or validated. 6. Ice surface profile (CRREL laser) One profile of the ice surface was taken using a laser altimeter in the NASA 990 as it traveled a 72 km track between two manned camps. A data point is a height above a reference plane every 0.4 m along the track. The measurements were made on 24 April 1975. There are 181,000 data points from Snow Bird (lat. 76.292ON, long. 146.082OW) to Big Bear (lat. 76.473ON, long. 143.708OW). 7. Landsat (ERTS) 1 and 2 images Satellite photos of the Beaufort Sea region have been obtained from the EROS Data Center for qualitative and quantitative analysis. About 1500 photos taken when visibility and cloud cover permitted are on file. Each photo covers a square region 100 miles on the side. Time periods are spring and fall 1972, 1973, and 1975. 8. NOAA-4 and NOAA-5 satellite images Photos of the Arctic from Greenland to the Bering Straits were received daily from NESS since 2 Jan. 1975. Two images cover the belt between 70 and 80 degrees N. latitude--that is, each photo covers a square area about 600 miles on the side. Only infrared photos are available for the winter (Nov. through Jan.); both IR and visible photos are taken during the rest of the year. These are source data for examining large-scale ice movements in the Arctic as well as large-scale weather patterns. The last of the NOAA photos are dated 15 Oct. 1977. NESS = National Environmental Satellite Service, Washington, D.C. 20233. 9. Coefficients for the polynomial describing surface air pressure contour From the combination of National Weather Service surface pressure maps and pressures measured at scattered points in the Beaufort Sea, two-dimensional pressure contours have been derived for every six-hour interval. These contours are a sixth-order polynomial in x and y, the grid coordinates overlying the Beaufort Sea region. The grid is rectangular and each element is 75 miles on the side. The coefficients of the polynomial are the data of these file. They c.an be used to determine the pressure at any point in the area at any six-hour interval by translating latitude and longitude of the point to the grid coordinates and employing the polynomial coefficients for the time desired. The coefficients have been calculated for the period 11 April 1975 to 20 April 1976. 192
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DATA BUOYS AIDJEX BULLETIN No. 40 J
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NOTE TO FRIENDS, AND BYSTANDERS . .
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SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS I
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milestones, kept the vendor working
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The scene during deployment of HF-N
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The initial AIDJEX scientific plan
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poizr-orbiting satellite, which is
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t@ the spacecraft during each orbit
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BUOY NAHE COMMUN. COMMANDS FIXES TA
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L( 0 I 2 3 4 3 Radial error, kilome
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The buoy will be subjected to tempe
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nics occupy about 12 feet of the 17
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Ill -- - KEY AIUJEX WIN WW AEBa 0 4
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event that a melt pond should form
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chute supplied by Paranetics Inc. i
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6'" IqORGANIC LITHIUM BP.TTEI?Y IMP
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OM (AD RAMS) UREMEN~ \ AIRDROP N m
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provides a grid from which geostrop
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words; a four-bit air temperature w
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PERFORMANCE OF MET/OCEAN BUOYS IN A
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Sensor samples were taken every thr
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strengths are known, were used with
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the ice (causing reduced shear). An
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(McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) , TABL
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70°N 75'N n 3 P 17OOW (D Y 170°W
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12OOW * U Station 25. Xeasurements
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(McPhee , Mangum, and Martin) 2701
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(McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) a 0 a
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"i BUOY 4 I 43 360- 309- 257 206 15
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a30gl 251 I 60 511 r 43 BUOY 4 I
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n 4, (McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) 8
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(McPhee, Mangum, and Martin) 33 W c
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. '-,..I.. . B A R R O W W I N D S
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:
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I 25 23 t h--:!li[ NCI PiHCEl4l 22
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.5 .4 .3 0 A R 2 R 0 W J - 0 B U -
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9 1.5 1.0 c 8 w .5 R 930 $ 565 1000
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Clock corrections were applied rout
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Q) u o z z i 4- 4- Z + + z f n 9 Ef
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TABLE 1 DIFFERENCES IN DAILY TEMPER
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Laboratory calibration of the ADRAM
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3.20- - 1 t W o? 2 3.051 ...:-.;..
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POSITION MEASUREMENTS OF AIDJEX MAN
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some redundancy. Four points were u
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75.5 75.: - E75.1 LLI % y75.c - 1 1
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The translocation principle removes
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POSITION ACCURACY To evaluate the q
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TABLE 1 STAND-ALONE ACCURACY 68th P
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Az i mu t h s When both receivers a
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DATA PROCESSING Following the field
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model ice motion in the statistical
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FREC 1 INCY / DOPPLER / FREQUENCY /
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35 30 25 v) > 0 2 20 LL 0 r= E m 15
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An example of a large-scale buoy ar
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observations are needed in remote a
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useful for determining how various
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as well as velocity fields, we must
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Since small changes in the yield su
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The transformation of the system of
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e able to judge how well such a mod
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then the flow rule becomes Q = +A -
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[-B' -F Finally, we eliminate Carte
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differential equation. 2. Discontin
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Substituting (36) and (37) into (34
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arbitrarily assign the values of 1
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The special case when advection can
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TABLE 1 STRETCHING, STRESS, ASP CHA
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ate of deformation, we have normali
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CHARACTERISTIC EQUATIONS The ordina
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One way to circumvent the problems
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Page 150 and 151: Although we have not studied in thi
Page 152 and 153: Courant, R., and D. Hilbert. 1962.
Page 154 and 155: A RESEARCH PLAN TO TEST THE AIDJEX
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Page 158 and 159: APPROACH A baseline simulation 0-f
Page 160 and 161: SENSITIVITY OF ICE RESPONSE TO DIFF
Page 162 and 163: Since free drift of ice is computed
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Page 170 and 171: TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF ESTIMATED ERR
Page 172 and 173: a) Base line b) 24-hour prediction
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Page 180 and 181: \ / a) Base line b) 24-hour predict
Page 182 and 183: .. a) Base line b) 24- hour predict
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Page 186 and 187: ) 24-hour prediction c) 36-hour pre
Page 190 and 191: 8 Figure 17. AIDJEX surface pressur
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Page 196 and 197: 19. Surface pressure (Val i dated)
Page 198 and 199: APPENDIX 2 AIDJEX DATA TRANSFERRED
Page 200 and 201: I -7-71327GEO A Cards (continued) 7
Page 202: B Cards (continued) 201
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