4 - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture
4 - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture
4 - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture
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Nat~onal workshop-cum- raining on Blalnformatlrr and Information Managament In <strong>Aquaculture</strong><br />
3.4 Longitudinal Studies are repeated-measurement studies, that collect data<br />
over several periods in time.<br />
3.4 Syndicate Data are secondary data sold by research firms, which we can<br />
out source for use in our research. This helps a lot for desk-research or for<br />
literature review work.<br />
3.5 Data Warehouse is a centralized database that consolidates company-wide<br />
data from a variety <strong>of</strong> operational systems. Data Mlninp is a process <strong>of</strong> digging<br />
deeply into vast amounts <strong>of</strong> data to extract valuable and statistically valid<br />
information that cannot be obtained through queries.<br />
3.6 Questionnaire Format and its types:<br />
Questionnaire Format is an important function <strong>of</strong> the level <strong>of</strong> structure and<br />
disguise desired, during data collection.<br />
a. Completely Structured Question is one that is presented verbatim to every<br />
respondent and with fixed response categories.<br />
b. Completely Non-Structured Question is one that is not necessarily<br />
presented in exactly the same wording to every respondent and does not have<br />
fixed responses.<br />
c. A Disguised Question is used to examine issues for which direct question<br />
may not elicit truthful answers.<br />
4 Validity <strong>of</strong> survey instrument (Internal & external validity):<br />
Internal Validity is the extent to which observed results are due solely to the<br />
experimental manipulation. External Validity is the extent to which observed<br />
results are likely to hold beyond the experimental setting.<br />
5 Scales and Data Measurement<br />
Measurement is nothing but the assignment <strong>of</strong> numbers to responses based on a<br />
set <strong>of</strong> guidelines. We may have both metric as well as non-metric data, as the<br />
response <strong>of</strong> the respondents <strong>of</strong> any research.<br />
Metric Data are data with interval or ratio properties.<br />
Non-Metric Data are data with only nominal or ordinal properties.<br />
5. Scales<br />
We have four types <strong>of</strong> scales; namely: 1. Nominal, 2. Ordinal, 3. Interval and 4.<br />
Ratio scale.<br />
On a m a 1 Scale, numbers are no more than labels and are used solely to<br />
identify different categories <strong>of</strong> responses.<br />
An<br />
is more powerful than a nominal scale in that the numbers<br />
possess the property <strong>of</strong> rank order.
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