4 - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture
4 - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture
4 - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture
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National Workshop-cum-Training on Bidnformatlw and Information Management in <strong>Aquaculture</strong><br />
Multigene families (for instance genes coding for different, but similar,<br />
isoenzymes) may cause problems and it needs careful decision to exclude or<br />
include such sequences in data set and peculiarly looking phylogenetic trees [21.<br />
Some terms Associated with Phylogeny<br />
Phylogenetic tree: A graph that illustrates the evolutionary relationships using<br />
nodes and branches.<br />
Node: It represents a taxonomic unit. This can be either an existing species or<br />
ancestors.<br />
Branch: It defines relationship among the in term <strong>of</strong> descent and ancestry.<br />
Branch length: It represents the number <strong>of</strong> changes that have occurred in the<br />
branch.<br />
Methods <strong>of</strong> Phylogenetic analysis<br />
There are two major groups <strong>of</strong> analysis for studying phylogenetic relationships.<br />
Phenetic methods<br />
Cladistic methods<br />
Cladogranis and phylograms<br />
&tm8 1<br />
8.CI48 2 CLubg~8 show<br />
€Wetma 0 bmchkg mder -<br />
EuCmymo 1 bmoh kngtb<br />
Eur.ryot.2 us nrdnglcss<br />
EuLuyota 3<br />
(Fig-2)<br />
There are a lots <strong>of</strong> online tools for phylogenetic tree construction , but among<br />
them Phylip, Paup and MEGA are most widely used due to its user-friendly ness<br />
and reliability.
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