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an investigation into the antibacterial activities of medicinal plants ...

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2.2.3.1 Bulbine frutescens 21<br />

2.2.3.2 Leonotis leonurus 21<br />

2.2.3.3 Meli<strong>an</strong>thus major 22<br />

2.2.3.4 Z<strong>an</strong>tedeschia aethiopica 23<br />

2.3 TOPICAL BURN WOUND INFECTIONS<br />

2.3.1 Skin: Overview 25<br />

2.3.2 Skin related infections 27<br />

2.3.2.1 Wound infection <strong>an</strong>d inflammation 27<br />

2.3.2.2 Burn wound infection 29<br />

2.3.2.3 Pathogens associated with burn wound infections 31<br />

2.3.3 Bacteria selected for <strong>investigation</strong> 33<br />

2.3.4 Antibiotic resist<strong>an</strong>ce 36<br />

CHAPTER 3<br />

METHODOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION<br />

3.1 Medicinal pl<strong>an</strong>ts 38<br />

3.2 Extraction <strong>of</strong> <strong>medicinal</strong> pl<strong>an</strong>ts 39<br />

3.3 Assays for <strong>an</strong>tibacterial <strong>an</strong>alysis 39<br />

CHAPTER 4<br />

METHODS AND MATERIALS<br />

4.1 Pl<strong>an</strong>t selection <strong>an</strong>d preparation 42<br />

4.2 Pl<strong>an</strong>t extraction <strong>an</strong>d traditional preparations 42<br />

4.2.1 Pl<strong>an</strong>t extraction 42<br />

4.2.2 Traditional preparations 45<br />

4.3 Bacteria <strong>an</strong>d growth conditions 45<br />

4.4 Antibacterial assays<br />

4.4.1 Microtitre plate assay 46<br />

4.4.2 Agar dilution assay 49<br />

4.4.2.1 Agar plate preparation 50<br />

4.4.2.2 Agar plate inoculation 51<br />

4.4.3 St<strong>an</strong>dard agar plate count technique 52

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